High-resolution pursuit for detecting flaw echoes close to the material surface in ultrasonic NDT

A new NDT method to detect ultrasonic flaw echoes close to the surface in strongly scattering materials is proposed. The method is based on high-resolution pursuit (HRP), which is a version of matching pursuit (MP) that emphasizes local fit over global fit. Since HRP produces representations which resolve closely spaced features, it is a very valuable signal processing tool for achieving the goal claimed in this work. Furthermore, HRP has the same order of complexity of MP. The good performance of the method is experimentally verified using ultrasonic traces acquired from a carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) material.     

Dual EMAT and PEC non-contact probe: applications to defect testing

For many non-destructive testing (NDT) applications, more information and greater reliability can be gained by using different techniques for defect detection, especially when the methods are particularly sensitive to different types of defects. However, this will often lead to a much longer and more expensive test and is not always practical due to time and cost constraints. We have previously discussed initial experiments using a new dual-probe combining electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) generating and detecting ultrasonic surface waves, and a pulsed eddy current (PEC) sensor [1]. This enables more reliable detection and sizing of surface and near-surface defects, with a reduced testing time compared to using two NDT techniques separately. In this paper, we present experiments using the dual-probe on samples which are more representative of real defects, for example testing for surface defects in rails. Several aluminium calibration samples containing closely spaced and angled slots have been measured, in addition to rail samples containing manufactured and real defects. The benefits of using the dual-probe are discussed.     

Feature Extraction Approach for Defect Inspection in Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography

The eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) technique is a research focus in the non-destructive testing (NDT) area for defect inspection. Defect feature extraction for defect information analysis in ECPT is limited by image contrast, heat diffusion, background interference, etc. In this paper, a defect feature extraction approach in ECPT has been proposed to improve the quality of defect features, which is based on image partition, local sparse component evaluation, and feature fusion. This method can extract complete defect features by enhancing the defect area and removing background interference, such as noises and heating coil. Two typical steel specimens are utilized to testify the validity of the proposed approach. Compared with other three common feature extraction algorithms in ECPT, the proposed method can reserve more complete defect features and suppress more background interference.     

基于脉冲涡流热成像的钢板缺陷检测研究

脉冲涡流热成像检测技术是一种新型的无损检测方法,研究热成像表面缺陷的数据特征,将otsu分割算法与最大熵分割算法相结合,提出基于最大熵的otsu分割算法,既能较好的分割热图像中的缺陷又能有效的识别目标缺陷的边缘。实验结果表明,相比较其他传统分割算法,具有更好的缺陷提取效果。     

基于激光剪切散斑技术分辨铝蜂窝缺陷类型

运用激光剪切散斑技术结合负气压加载,实现了蜂窝夹层结构内部缺陷类型的分辨,并使用数值计算方法分析不同类型缺陷在负压加载下的力学变形差异。文章首先制备了一块预置不同类型缺陷的卫星用铝蒙皮铝蜂窝夹层结构,缺陷类型分别为:上胶层垫膜、下胶层垫膜、去胶层、去胶层垫膜、去胶层油膜以及铣去蜂窝芯,尺寸依此为:10 mm、20 mm、30 mm和40 mm;接着简单介绍了剪切散斑干涉的基本原理,运用自行研制的激光剪切散斑系统结合负气压加载对蜂窝夹层试块加载;然后通过数值计算方法对比分析不同类型缺陷在负气压加载下的力学变形机理;最后使用热辐射加载进一步对样品进行探伤测试,分析两种加载方式的优劣。实验结果表明,激光剪切散斑干涉技术结合负气压加载可有效分辨铝蜂窝夹层结构内部的脱粘和夹杂等类型缺陷,数值计算方法可进一步佐证了实验结果。本文的研究可为蜂窝夹层结构的缺陷检测、缺陷类型分辨以及缺陷的力学变形机理分析提供技术支撑。     

基于平面阵列电极传感器的ECT系统设计

设计了基于平面阵列电极传感器的电容层析成像(ECT)系统.由平面阵列电极传感器ECT系统和计算机成像界面组成,采用电容的边缘效应测量原理,对复合材料的损伤、缺陷进行检测.结果表明:在介电常数ε=3.5的玻璃块材料为被测对象的条件下,得到的ECT图像分辨率高、伪影少.由此表明:该系统是一种简单有效、图像重建效果优良的无损检测(NDT)系统.     

The Non-destructive Testing of Adhesively Bonded Structure: A Review

The types of defect encountered in adhesive joints and the non-destructive testing techniques available to detect them are reviewed. Three types of defect: complete voids or dis-bonds, poor cohesive strength of the adhesive layer and poor adhesion between the adhesive layer and adherend are commonly present. It is shown that a variety of techniques is available for dis-bond and void detection, ultrasonics and sonic vibration being the most commonly used. The detection of poor cohesive and adhesive properties, however, is much more difficult than void and dis-bond detection and is the subject of current research. At present there is only one commercially available instrument which claims to predict cohesive strength. There is no reliable non-destructive test to detect poor adhesion.     

基于FPGA的红外热成像闪光灯激励电源

红外热成像技术是一种快速有效的无损检测技术,广泛应用于航空航天、轨道交通、核工业等领域。激励电源是红外热成像检测系统中的关键设备,其性能将影响缺陷的检测结果。采用线性放大产生激励的方式存在增益带宽积的限制,较难满足红外热成像技术对激励频率范围和输出功率的要求。本文采用数字的方式将电压进行调制,实现了较大功率的输出,提高了对缺陷的检测效率。为满足红外热成像技术对输出功率、参数调整、以及多种工作模式的要求,本文设计了一款基于FPGA的数字化闪光灯激励电源。该电源主要包括低频正弦产生电路、全桥斩波电路和FPGA控制系统三部分,其中控制系统为核心部分。试验证明,该电源实现脉冲和锁相两种激励模式,参数调整方便,能够满足红外热成像技术对激励电源提出的要求。     

Characterization of strain-induced martensitic transformation in a metastable austenitic stainless steel

Kinetics of deformation-induced martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic steel AISI 301 was characterized by several techniques including classical light metallography, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction. In situ monitoring of magnetic properties, acoustic emission and temperature increase during tensile tests at different strain rates was also performed. Results obtained by different methods are compared and discussed.     

石油化工中的无损检测与计费浅析

对石油匕工装置和产品无损检测方法进行了归纳，并介绍了各种检测方法的优缺点及应用场合，而且，分析了石油化工设备在实施无损检测时的费用计取原则，重点说明了射线检测费用计取算法。