AGFA 2050／S多幅相机工作原理、工作过程简析

简述AGFA2050／S多幅相机工作原理，并就工作过程详细阐述，最后简单介绍控制电路。     

17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜异位症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的研究17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在介导雌激素促进内异症发生发展的作用。方法体外分离培养内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞。用不同浓度17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞48 h;此后选用10-10mol/L 17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞12、24和48 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测17β-E2处理前后子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。同法分析雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780(10-6mol/L)对17β-E2促进β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。免疫组织化学染色观察17β-E2作用后β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞中的定位。结果17β-E2能明显促进内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达,并呈剂量和时间依赖性,于10-10mol/L作用48 h最明显。雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780能明显抑制17β-E2对子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达。免疫组织化学染色发现17β-E2能促进β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞核内的表达。结论雌激素可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进内异症在位子宫内膜的异位种植。     

部分NANDA护理诊断缺陷分析及对策

NANDA护理诊断给中国护理带来了巨大进步,但在教学和临床应用时,有些护理诊断名称与医学名词相同而内涵不同,有些护理诊断缺乏定量判断而不够严谨,有些护理诊断概念不同但诊断依据和护理措施几乎类似,有些疾病的主要症状体征没有相应的护理诊断。改进护理诊断的对策:一是继续提升对护理诊断的认识,护理诊断很重要、很必要,更要不断发展;二是确立护理诊断的指导思想,起源于医学,为医学分支,症状护理较符合医学逻辑;三是提高护理诊断用语的准确性、公认性;四是在中国建立护理诊断认可程序,完善后编入护理教材,为世界护理事业发展再添中国色彩。     

Selective coating of cylindrical matrices with a central hole. I. An interpretation of the swelling process

Cylindrical matrices were prepared by compression either of polyvinyl alcohol 100000 or mixtures of the excipient and a drug (sodium salicylate or theophylline). To modify the cylindrical shape, a hole was bored in the centre of the flat surface through both sides of the matrices. Different swellable systems were obtained applying an impermeable coating to one, two or three surfaces of the perforated matrices. The swelling of the perforated matrices was modified according to the number and the position of the coated surfaces (selective coating) and the loaded drug. Pseudo-zero order kinetics were obtained when the interior hole was the only uncoated surface.     

Kindergarten and first grade: A time for developing and nurturing gifted behaviors in young children

This article concludes that there is a tremendous need for gifted programs at the kindergarten and first grade levels. A review of the literature suggests that it is difficult to identify young gifted children through traditional screening techniques. The author concludes that Renzulli's Enrichment Triad Model may prove useful for identifying young gifted children.     

The Use of Performance Improvement Methods to Enhance Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction in the United States: A Critical Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Research

Objectives: The authors reviewed the evidence on performance improvement methods for increasing emergency department (ED) patient satisfaction to provide evidence-based suggestions for clinical practice.
Methods: Data sources consisted of searches through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO, Cochrane Library, and Emergency Medicine Abstracts and a manual search of references. Articles were included if they reported a performance improvement intervention targeting patient satisfaction in the ED setting. Articles on studies not conducted in the United States or that failed to provide enough details to allow critical evaluation of the study were excluded. Two authors used structured evaluation criteria to independently review each retained study.
Results: Nineteen articles met all selection criteria. Three studies found varying levels of support for multicomponent interventions, predominantly focused on implementation of clinical practice guidelines for specific presenting complaints and process redesign. Sixteen studies evaluated single-component interventions, with the following having at least one supportive study: using alternating patient assignment to provider teams rather than "zone"-based assignment, enhancing provider communication and customer service skills, incorporating information delivery interventions (e.g., pamphlets, video) that target patient expectations, using preformatted charts, and establishing ED-based observation units for specific conditions such as asthma and chest pain.
Conclusions: There is modest evidence supporting a range of performance improvement interventions for improving ED patient satisfaction. Further work is needed before specific, evidence-based recommendations can be made regarding which process changes are most effective. Recommendations are made for improving the quality of performance improvement efforts in the ED setting.     

手术治疗Ⅱ型锁骨外侧端骨折

目的 介绍一种治疗Ⅱ型锁骨外侧端骨折的手术方法。方法 取用锁骨与喙突间螺丝钉加压固定，喙锁韧带修复。结果 24例患术后骨折端全部愈合，关节功能恢复良好，内固定物无松脱，肩锁关节无创伤性关节炎。结论 本术式治疗成人Ⅱ型锁骨外侧端骨折，操作方便，固定可靠，效果确切，并发症少，是理想的手术方法。     

骶骨上关节突关节面5点7点进钉方法的放射解剖学研究

目的 :对骶骨螺钉上关节突关节面 5点 7点进钉方法进行相关的放射解剖学研究。方法 :在 5 0块骶骨标本上 ,用 为 1mm的软钢丝在骶骨翼、骶骨上关节突处紧紧缠绕 2个钢丝圈 ,将 为 3mm的钢珠用胶布固定在 5点 7点处 ,拍骶骨正位片 ,观测钢珠与 2个钢丝圈的位置关系及其至骶管外侧壁、骶骨上面的距离。作经 5点 7点水平平行于S1椎体上面的CT扫描 ,观察骶骨横断面的形态特点 ,测量与矢状面夹角为 0°和向内 10°时的进钉深度。结果 :5点 7点处钢珠均位于上关节突与S1后孔缠绕的钢丝圈显影内 ,位于骶管侧壁钢丝圈显影的外侧 ,钢珠与骶管外侧壁的距离为左侧〔 ( 6 7± 2 3 ) ( 5 0～ 12 0 )〕mm ,右侧〔 ( 6 6± 1 9) ( 5 0～ 11 0 )〕mm ;此点至骶骨上面的距离为左侧〔 ( 11 5± 5 3 ) ( 5 0～ 2 8 0 )〕mm ,右侧〔 ( 11 6± 5 4) ( 5 0～ 2 9 0 )〕mm。CT片显示钉道与矢状面平行( 0°)时 ,进钉深度左侧为〔 ( 3 2 6± 3 5 ) ( 2 4 0～ 40 0 )〕mm ,右侧为〔 ( 3 2 6± 3 5 ) ( 2 4 0～ 42 0 )〕mm ;螺钉向内与矢状面的夹角为 10°时 ,进钉深度左侧为〔 ( 3 8 1± 3 8) ( 3 0 0～ 46 0 )〕mm ,右侧为〔 ( 3 8 0± 3 9) ( 3 0 0～ 46 0 )〕mm。结论 :骶骨上关节突恒定存在 ,将每侧上关节     

海洛因依赖者戒毒中应用护理程序的研究

目的:探讨护理程序对戒毒病人的护理模式,以促进病人积极参与戒毒,减轻戒断症状及改善吸毒导致生理、心理、社会的危害。方法:对应用护理程序工作方法的护理效果进行SPSS11.5统计分析。结果:开展后住院病人意外事件及暴力行为的发生率比开展前显著性降低,实施心理卫生教育后病人对毒品危害性及相关知识认识水平显著提高。结论:通过应用护理程序的工作方法能帮助病人进步且朝向预定目标,为病人走上康复之道打下基础。     

护理程序在临床教学中的应用

把护理程序运用于临床教学中 ,提高护生的综合素质 ,培养实用型高素质护理人才。通过对护生社会心理状态及学习情况的评估 ,确定知识目标、技能目标、素质目标 ,然后分别组织实施 ,最后作出综合评价。结果显示 ,运用护理程序进行带教后 ,护生的专科知识、技能、服务意识都有了全面的提高 ,同时也培养了护理人员运用护理程序实施带教的能力。揭示 :护理程序在临床教学中的应用具有科学性和实用性 ,值得进一步推广。