某铅锌尾矿库对地下水环境影响及防治措施

铅锌尾矿的浸出液中含有重金属等对地下水环境有重要影响的污染因子。利用地下水数值模拟专业软件GMS,结合研究区水文地质条件,对不同工况下地下水环境的影响程度及范围进行模拟计算。结果表明,达到Ⅱ类工业固体废弃物处置场规定的防渗要求条件下,尾矿库运行浸出液下渗量有限(2.8 m3/d),并不会使区域地下水超出《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准,而防渗层仅出现10%破损时,浸出液下渗量为(97.22 m3/d),使地下水下游方向50 m内地下水中Pb超出Ⅲ类标准,超标范围约0.0375 km2。反映出该类处置场中的防渗措施是对地下水环境保护的重要保证。     

Atmospheric Surface-Layer Processes During the Total Solar Eclipse Of 11 August 1999

The central path of the total solar eclipse (TSE) of 11 August 1999 mostly passedthrough a region of active monsoon in India, with the eclipse ending around localsunset. Measurements in the surface layer (SL) were carried out close to the eclipseaxis at Akola (20°42' N, 77°2' E) in central India. The globalradiation flux reaching the surface vanishes around totality at 1803:24 (LT), followedby a small recovery before again dipping to zero at sunset. The temperatures in the SL, and subsoil at 50-mm depth, show a local minimum with a lag of about 10 min after the second contact, whereas the lag appears to vanish when the temperature series is detrended. The SL exhibits near-neutral, though generally stable, conditions from about 1500 hr itself due to heavy cloud cover followed by the eclipse-induced cooling of the surface. The wind component across the eclipse axis vanishes at totality, the wind vector aligning with the azimuth of the traversing moon shadow. The deceleration of the mean flow can be due to the combined effect of the colder surface and downward heat flux, where the locally altered horizontal temperature gradients may cause, as in this instance, the cessation of the cross flow.The oscillations in temperature and wind that show significant peaks, around 90–100 min as well as the semi-period of the eclipse near 60 min, persist for several hours past the eclipse event. A fresh analysis of the published data on the TSE of 7 March 1970 shows spectral peaks in the temperature nearly coincident with those already reported from the surface pressure records. The oscillations in the SL fields during the two TSE events are very similar implying that the source mechanism is also likely to be the same in both the cases.     

Seismic identification of channel sandbodies in the Fuyang oil layer in North Songliao Basin, China

The Fuyang oil-layer in North Songliao Basin is characterized by thin interbedded sands and shales, strong lateral variation, strong reservoir heterogeniety, and so on. The thickness of individual sand layers is generally 3 - 5 m. Identifying the channel sand-bodies of the Fuyang oil layer using seismic techniques is very difficult due to the low seismic resolution. Taking the GTZ area as an example, we discuss the genetic characteristics of the channel sand-bodies and point out the real difficulty in using seismic techniques to predict the channel sand-bodies. Two methods for the identification of channels are presented： frequency spectrum imaging and pre-stack azimuthal anisotropy. Identifying the channel sand-bodies in Fuyu oil-layer using the two seismic methods results in a success rate up to 80% compared with well data.     

The “slip law” of the free surface

A “slip law” connects the excess velocity or “slip” of a wind-blown water surface, relative to the motion in the middle of the mixed layer, to the wind stress, the wind-wave field, and buoyancy flux. An inner layer-outer layer model of the turbulent shear flow in the mixed layer is appropriate, as for a turbulent boundary layer or Ekman layer over a solid surface, allowing, however, for turbulent kinetic energy transfer from the air-side via breaking waves, and for Stokes drift. Asymptotic matching of the velocity distributions in inner and outer portions of the mixed layer yields a slip law of logarithmic form, akin to the drag law of a turbulent boundary layer. The dominant independent variable is the ratio of water-side roughness length to mixed layer depth or turbulent Ekman depth. Convection due to surface cooling is also an important influence, reducing surface slip. Water-side roughness length is a wind-wave property, varying with wind speed similarly to air-side roughness. Slip velocity is typically 20 times water-side friction velocity or 3% of wind speed, varying within a range of about 2 to 4.5%. A linearized model of turbulent kinetic energy distribution shows much higher values near the surface than in a wall layer. Nondimensional dissipation peaks at a value of about eight, a short distance below the surface.     

贾汪煤田为何未能向北东继续延伸

贾汪煤田的基本构造形态为贾汪向斜。通过对贾汪向斜北东延长段原地系统和外来系统的分析研究，认为在贾汪石炭——二叠纪煤田北界伏山前断裂的北东盘上，受构造应力的影响，奥陶系沿着其与寒武系界面间的软弱层被推覆，在原地代之以大面积分布的是青白口——震旦系及部分寒武系而非石炭——二叠系，从而造成了贾汪煤田没有向北东继续延伸。     

Composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetic minerals in layer S<Subscript>5-1</Subscript> of Xifeng and Duanjiapo sections

Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (< 30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S_5-1 in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe₃O₄), maghemite (γFe₂O₃) and hematite (Fe₂O₃), some Fe-high oxide (72.25 wt%–86.67 wt%), ilmenite (FeTiO₃), and magnetite-ulvöspinel [Fe(FeCr)O₄, Fe (FeNi)O₄] were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions.     

地震反应分析中的主时段

在计算反应谱及土层反应时,发现反应谱的形态和大小只受时程的主要部分控制,由此给出主时段的定义和确定主时段的方法。主时段的应用不仅可以大大缩短计算时间,而且能够成为持时的一种有物理意义的度量。