湖北恩施烟区烟草青枯菌致病力分析

为有效进行恩施烟区烟草青枯病的防控,本研究采用人工接种的方法鉴定了恩施烟区烟草青枯菌的致病性。根据红花大金元、K326和岩烟97三个烟草品种病害流行下曲线面积(AUDPC)数值进行聚类分析,将恩施地区烟草青枯菌划分为强、中、弱3种致病型,表明恩施烟草青枯菌是一个由弱到强连续变化的群体。3种致病型菌株在恩施南部和北部区域均有分布,其中恩施北部区域菌株致病力稍高于南部。     

The Knockout of Enterobactin-Related Gene in Pectobacterium atrosepticum Results in Reduced Stress Resistance and Virulence towards the Primed Plants

Siderophores produced by microorganisms to scavenge iron from the environment have been shown to contribute to virulence and/or stress resistance of some plant pathogenic bacteria. Phytopathogenic bacteria of Pectobacterium genus possess genes for the synthesis of siderophore enterobactin, which role in plant-pathogen interactions has not been elucidated. In the present study we characterized the phenotype of the mutant strain of Pba deficient for the enterobactin-biosynthetic gene entA. We showed that enterobactin may be considered as a conditionally beneficial virulence factor of Pba. The entA knockout did not reduce Pba virulence on non-primed plants; however, salicylic acid-primed plants were more resistant to ΔentA mutant than to the wild type Pba. The reduced virulence of ΔentA mutant towards the primed plants is likely explained by its compromised resistance to oxidative stress.     

一起疑似产气荚膜梭菌食物中毒事件的病原学分析

目的 分析一起疑似产气荚膜梭菌食物中毒事件的病原学。方法 利用荧光定量PCR方法对一起食物中毒患者的粪便进行产气荚膜梭菌基因的初筛, 根据荧光定量PCR初筛的提示结果进行细菌的分离培养, 对分离到的菌株进行质谱和生化鉴定、毒力基因检测和PFGE分析。结果 从5份食物中毒患者粪便中分离到5株携带肠毒素基因cpe的A型产气荚膜梭菌, 并且这5株菌的PFGE带型完全一致。结论 此次食物中毒致病因子为携带肠毒素基因cpe的A型产气荚膜梭菌, PFGE结果提示5株菌可能有同一来源。     

克罗诺杆菌属致病性研究进展

克罗诺杆菌作为婴儿配方粉中的A类致病菌,能引起新生儿脑膜炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎和菌血症等,死亡率高达40%～80%,引起了广泛关注。本文基于国内外有关克罗诺杆菌的文献报道,从流行病学特征、血清学分型特点、环境抗性特征、毒力基因以及与致病相关的优势克隆群等方面进行了总结,提出通过增强临床监测体系,掌握该菌在我国的发病情况及高危食品,从而制定相应的防控策略。     

异硫氰酸酯类香料对两种革兰氏阳性致病菌的抑制作用

选取9种异硫氰酸酯类香料,以金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌作为供试菌,通过测量抑菌圈直径考察此类含硫香料的抑菌活性,并探讨其构效关系。筛选抑菌效果最好的含硫香料,利用反转录荧光定量聚合酶链式反应技术考察其对金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因表达的影响。结果显示:4种异硫氰酸酯类香料——异硫氰酸苄酯(benzyl isothiocyanate,BZITC)、异硫氰酸苯乙酯(phenethyl isothiocyanate,PEITC)、异硫氰酸3-甲硫基丙酯(3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate,MTPITC)和异硫氰酸异戊酯(isoamyl isothiocyanate,IAITC)对2种革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌效果较好,且抑菌能力为BZITC≈PEITCMTPITCIAITC。对比9种异硫氰酸酯类香料的抑菌活性,BZITC对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.61 mmol/L,对单增李斯特菌的最低抑菌浓度为4.88 mmol/L。在亚抑菌浓度条件下,BZITC极显著地降低了金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因nuc的表达(P0.01)。以上结果说明,苯基的存在可能增强异硫氰酸酯类香料的抑菌活性,该结构对BZITC抑制金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因nuc的表达具有重要作用。     

New insights into a complex fungal pathogen: the case of Paracoccidioides spp.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America, with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii being the causal agents of this disorder. Several issues have been raised in the 100 years since its discovery and in this article we discuss features of this fascinating fungal pathogen, including its biology, eco‐epidemiology and aspects of its pathogenicity. We also consider some of its virulence determinants, the most recent advances in the study of its metabolic pathways and the molecular and genetic research tools developed for this research. We also review the animal models used to study host–fungal interactions and how the host defence mechanisms against this pathogen work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用PCR技术快速测定食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力

目的：采用PCR 技术准确、快速测定单核细胞增生李斯特菌(单增李斯特氏菌)分离株的毒力基因,鉴别强毒株和弱毒株或无毒株,以有效地限制李斯特氏菌病的传播。方法：以单增李斯特氏菌相关毒力基因(hly、plcB、inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ、prfA)设计引物,检测重庆市2007 - 2009 年分离的40 株单增李斯特氏菌分离株中的毒力基因携带率,并进行小鼠毒力实验。结果：40 株分离株中有15 株7 种毒力基因检测结果均为阳性,6 株hly 基因阴性,4 株plcB 基因阴性,4 株prfA 基因性,5 株inlA、inlB 基因阴性,11 株inlC 基因阴性,9 株inlJ基因阴性,1 株inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ 基因均为阴性。4 株分离株的毒力与标准菌株ATCC191161E 相当,小鼠LD50 在1.2 × 108～6.0 × 108CFU/mL 之间,为强毒株。筛选出弱毒株09-132,LD50 为1.7 × 1011CFU/mL。结论：重庆市存在发生李斯特菌食物中毒的潜在危险,内化素基因(inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ)的缺失可能是导致菌株毒力降低的原因,而prfA 和plcB 基因与菌株毒力的相关性较小。     

Polyphosphate Kinase 2 (PPK2) Enzymes: Structure,Function, and Roles in Bacterial Physiology and Virulence

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) has been implicated in an astonishing array of biological functions, ranging from phosphorus storage to molecular chaperone activity to bacterial virulence. In bacteria, polyP is synthesized by polyphosphate kinase (PPK) enzymes, which are broadly subdivided into two families: PPK1 and PPK2. While both enzyme families are capable of catalyzing polyP synthesis, PPK1s preferentially synthesize polyP from nucleoside triphosphates, and PPK2s preferentially consume polyP to phosphorylate nucleoside mono- or diphosphates. Importantly, many pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii encode at least one of each PPK1 and PPK2, suggesting these enzymes may be attractive targets for antibacterial drugs. Although the majority of bacterial polyP studies to date have focused on PPK1s, PPK2 enzymes have also begun to emerge as important regulators of bacterial physiology and downstream virulence. In this review, we specifically examine the contributions of PPK2s to bacterial polyP homeostasis. Beginning with a survey of the structures and functions of biochemically characterized PPK2s, we summarize the roles of PPK2s in the bacterial cell, with a particular emphasis on virulence phenotypes. Furthermore, we outline recent progress on developing drugs that inhibit PPK2 enzymes and discuss this strategy as a novel means of combatting bacterial infections.     

陕西省典型冷冻食品中大肠杆菌的分子特征及耐药性检测

为了解冷冻食品中大肠杆菌污染情况,分析其潜在的食品安全问题,从陕西省4市（宝鸡、咸阳、西安和渭南）共收集冷冻食品样品360份（120份速冻水饺和240份冰淇淋）。通过选择培养和聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定。然后对分离株进行21种毒力基因、23种耐药基因、15种抗生素耐药性检测及种群分型。360份样品中大肠杆菌污染率为13.6%(49/360),其中5份样品（10.2%,5/49）大肠菌群计数超过100 CFU/g。21种被检毒力基因中有9种毒力基因被检出,以肠外致病性大肠杆菌相关基因FyuA和iss的检出率最高（均为14.3%,7/49）。药敏结果显示,菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素和叶酸代谢抑制剂的耐药最为普遍（均为98.0%,48/49）,其次为四环素（20.4%,10/49）。其中β-内酰胺类主要编码基因为blaCTX,四环素主要编码基因为tetA。研究还发现1株分离株携带多黏菌素类抗性基因mcr-9。此外,20.4%的菌株为多重耐药菌株,最多可对13种抗生素耐药。所有分离株共有4种系统发育群（A、B1、C和F）,A群...