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11.
秦牧作为17年时期重要的散文家之一,其成绩是与他所自觉进行的文体改造分不开的。秦牧的身份和处境使得他的文体改造颇为顺利。秦牧17年文体改造体现在特写强调、抒情风味、辨证色彩三个方面,这与当时的文风密切相关。秦牧的文体改造延续了学者散文的文脉,也印证了文体改造在文学史上的积极意义。 相似文献
12.
13.
Cu—Zn—Al系合金热弹性马氏体相变的热滞 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
韩明 《有色金属材料与工程》1997,18(2):53-55
本文通过热处理工艺及添加第四组元研究了Cu-Zn-Al系记忆合金的相变热滞。结果表明,淬火冷却速度影响合金的相变热滞大小,随着母相时效时间的延长,马氏体相变热滞变大.Mn元素的加入可以减小CU-Zn-Al合金相变热滞. 相似文献
14.
15.
从冷却曲线上相变段倾角最小原则出发,研究了新型激冷剂的配比与热分析法检测铸铁成分精度的关系,实验结果表明,能使相变段倾角最小的成分配比,也能提高对铸铁成分的热分析和检测精度。 相似文献
16.
J. Dingel 《Formal Aspects of Computing》2002,14(2):123-197
Parallel computers have not yet had the expected impact on mainstream computing. Parallelism adds a level of complexity to
the programming task that makes it very error-prone. Moreover, a large variety of very different parallel architectures exists.
Porting an implementation from one machine to another may require substantial changes. This paper addresses some of these
problems by developing a formal basis for the design of parallel programs in the form of a refinement calculus. The calculus
allows the stepwise formal derivation of an abstract, low-level implementation from a trusted, high-level specification. The
calculus thus helps structuring and documenting the development process. Portability is increased, because the introduction
of a machine-dependent feature can be located in the refinement tree. Development efforts above this point in the tree are
independent of that feature and are thus reusable. Moreover, the discovery of new, possibly more efficient solutions is facilitated.
Last but not least, programs are correct by construction, which obviates the need for difficult debugging. Our programming/specification
notation supports fair parallelism, shared-variable and message-passing concurrency, local variables and channels. The calculus
rests on a compositional trace semantics that treats shared-variable and message-passing concurrency uniformly. The refinement
relation combines a context-sensitive notion of trace inclusion and assumption-commitment reasoning to achieve compositionality.
The calculus straddles both concurrency paradigms, that is, a shared-variable program can be refined into a distributed, message-passing
program and vice versa.
Received July 2001 / Accepted in revised form May 2002 相似文献
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18.
Nourh ne Boudhrioua Bertrand Broyart Catherine Bonazzi Jean-Dominique Daudin 《Drying Technology》2005,23(12):2313-2335
A method is presented for computing the values of apparent diffusivity in solids with respect to the concentration of the diffusing substance (water or sodium chloride). This method does not require any assumption upon the mathematical relationship between diffusivity and concentration. It can be applied to experimental measurements of local concentration versus position within the solid (profiles) with relatively few measurements (circa 10) and a mathematical smoothing of the experimental data by using an artificial neural network model. The method was first validated on simulated data obtained by using a constant diffusivity value and on experimental profiles when the relation between diffusivity and concentration was given. It was then applied to original experimental moisture profiles obtained by putting gelatin gels with different initial moisture contents into contact for up to 14 days. The method was also successfully applied to five sets of experimental moisture and sodium chloride profiles taken from the literature and obtained from different food products. Apparent diffusivities calculated by our method were found in agreement with those obtained by authors using different numerical methods to compute the diffusivity values. 相似文献
19.
The application of the eXtended finite element method (X-FEM) to thermal problems with moving heat sources and phase boundaries
is presented. Of particular interest is the ability of the method to capture the highly localized, transient solution in the
vicinity of a heat source or material interface. This is effected through the use of a time-dependent basis formed from the
union of traditional shape functions with a set of evolving enrichment functions. The enrichment is constructed through the
partition of unity framework, so that the system of equations remains sparse and the resulting approximation is conforming.
In this manner, local solutions and arbitrary discontinuities that cannot be represented by the standard shape functions are
captured with the enrichment functions. A standard time-projection algorithm is employed to account for the time-dependence
of the enrichment, and an iterative strategy is adopted to satisfy local interface conditions. The separation of the approximation
into classical shape functions that remain fixed in time and the evolving enrichment leads to a very efficient solution strategy.
The robustness and utility of the method is demonstrated with several benchmark problems involving moving heat sources and
phase transformations.
Received 20 May 2001 / Accepted 19 December 2001 相似文献
20.
Rinji Akada Yoshirou Shimizu Yuji Matsushita Miho Kawahata Hisashi Hoshida Yoshinori Nishizawa 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2002,19(1):17-28
Drug-resistance markers for yeast transformation are useful because they can be applied to strains without auxotrophic mutations. However, they are susceptible to technical difficulties, namely lower transformation efficiency and the appearance of drug-resistant mutants without the marker. To avoid these problems, we have constructed a phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter-driven YAP1 expression cassette, called PGKp-YAP1. Yeast cells containing PGKp-YAP1 were resistant to cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and also to cerulenin, a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, but not to other drugs tested. The transformation efficiency of PGKp-YAP1 using cerulenin selection was comparable to that using a URA3 auxotrophic marker when low concentrations of cerulenin were used. Non-transformed drug-resistant colonies did appear on the low-concentration cerulenin plates. However, these non-transformed colonies could easily be identified, based on their cycloheximide sensitivity and/or their resistance to aureobasidin A to which the transformants were sensitive. Therefore, the dual drug resistance of PGKp-YAP1 could be used as an effective selection for PGKp-YAP1 recipient cells. The PGKp-YAP1 marker was used to disrupt the LYS2 gene and to transform an industrial yeast strain, indicating that this marker can be used for efficient and reliable gene manipulations in any Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. 相似文献