负载试验用张力绞车电液控制系统研究

根据绞车负载试验系统的特点，讨论了不同工作状况下系统对于负载试验用张力绞车的性能要求，据此设计了张力绞车的电液控制系统。提出了依据工作状态区分基于压差反馈的张力控制过程与基于速度预估的速度调整过程，并针对不同的控制过程设计了不同的控制算法。试验证明，本文提出的电液控制系统在缆绳张力控制过程中具有良好的控制特性。     

新时期研究生挫折教育略论

加强对研究生的挫折教育,已成为新时期研究生教育的一项非常重要而迫切的任务。研究生挫折教育的途径主要有:培养研究生树立良好的挫折观;将远大志向与正确、切实的短期目标有机结合;研究生导师要将挫折教育作为自身工作的重要职责和内容;要创设挫折情境,加强实践体验;在研究生中积极开展抗挫互助活动;帮助研究生学会自我调适、自我超越、自我教育。     

大众化高等教育质量问题

本文我国实施高等教育大众化进程以来所形成的教育质量观进行了简单的介绍，主要有五种被普遍接受的教育质量观，即多样化的质量观、适应性的质量观、发展的质量观、整体性的质量观和特色化的质量观；在上基础上，笔者从扩招导致部分高校教育质量有所下降、精英高等教育向大众化高等教育过渡、管理体制改革滞后于高等教育大众化进程等三方面提出自己的观点，即对高等教育质量的考察应坚持一个质量分层的观点，大众化高等教育应该有一个基本的教育质量目标。     

压差变化位移力反馈校正比例调速阀研究

提出一种新的流量控制原理，应用这一原理，仅用一位移力反馈型比例节流阀就可实现通过阀流量与压差变化无关的单调线性控制，间化了阀的结构，试验结果表明这种原理的比例流量阀具有较高的控制精度。     

水利工程中混凝土的施工管理与质量控制

混凝土施工具有施工快、成本低、抗冲磨性能高等特点,但由于混凝土施工管理以及工艺流程复杂度高、建设难度大、整体性要求高。再加上我国目前水利工程建设管理没有形成强而有力、统一规范和细致化管理,混凝土裂缝、空鼓、露筋等病害得不到有效防控,影响工程质量。施工企业应加强对混凝土施工的技术管理和工艺流程管理,从混凝土原材料、混凝土浇筑和混凝土保养等角度进行质量控制,保证水利工程的质量,提高施工企业核心竞争力。     

Water quality prediction capabilities of WASP model for a tropical lake system

Water quality modelling facilitates our better understanding of the processes taking place in a lake system, and conservation plans to address them. The water quality analysis simulation programme (WASP) was used in this study to predict daily variations in water quality parameters, namely dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll‐a and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations in a tropical lake system. The lake was divided into eight segments with the respective morphological, environmental and flow details being model inputs. The monthly concentration of each water quality parameter also comprised model input. The model output was daily spatiotemporal variation in these parameters over a period of 476 days. This study also indicated that the occurrence of precipitation plays a major role in defining the water quality of a tropical lake. The heavy precipitation after a long gap, especially during the summer season, results in a large quantity of organic matter entering the lake through drains, thereby increasing the organic matter and phosphate in the water body, and subsequently resulting in high chlorophyll‐a concentrations in the lake. A reduced chlorophyll‐a concentration was observed during the heavy rains. The water quality fluctuations are more pronounced with precipitation, especially where polluted drains enter the lake. An improved water quality can be observed downstream, including increased dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Improved water quality was observed during the postmonsoon period, with increased salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations, a finding that confirms generalized and specific conclusions can be achieved with the use of the WASP model.     

Effects of human activities on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and water quality in the upper catchment of the Mara River Basin,Kenya

Land‐use changes in the upper reaches of the Mara River Basin have modified their biophysical and hydrological processes, resulting in water quality degradation in streams. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of human activities on water quality and macroinvertebrates along the Nyangores River, one of the main tributaries of the Mara River, Kenya. Seven sampling sites were chosen to correspond to the loss of riparian cover, livestock watering and human activities (e.g. laundry washing, bathing, cultivation, wastewater inputs, dumping of solid wastes from urban areas and settlements along the river). Physical–chemical variables and water samples for nutrient analyses were collected monthly from February to July 2012. Benthic macroinvertebrates also were collected at the same sites as for the water quality samples. Two‐way analysis of variance tested the significant differences for each variable among the sites. Similarity percentages (SIMPER) analysis was used to identify the key taxa contributing to differences between minimally disturbed and most disturbed conditions in the study area. The results indicated increased nutrient concentrations in agricultural and settlement areas. Significant (P < 0.05) spatial–temporal variations in water quality variables were observed. A total of 42 macroinvertebrate genera were encountered, with Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera orders dominating the minimally disturbed areas, and Diptera dominating the disturbed areas receiving point and no‐point solid and liquid wastes, including nutrients, from urban areas and settlements. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed significant relationships between macroinvertebrate communities and measured physicochemical variables. The results of this study indicate the need for protection of riparian zones and treatment of sewerage wastes before their release into waterways. The dumping of solid wastes near streams and rivers also is discouraged, to maintain the quality of surface waters and aquatic organisms.     

浅谈铜头电站2F机组调速器抽动原因与处理

在分析铜头电站2F机组调速器抽动的基础上,介绍了故障的过程及处理,探讨了产生的原因,逐个进行了检查排除和有针对性的处理,消除了调速器抽动现象。     

基于随机水质模型的水功能区COD超标风险分析

由于水环境系统中存在诸多不确定因素,建立在物理简化基础上的确定性水质模型并不能反映水质变化过程的不确定性。为了弥补确定性水质模型的局限性,本文根据随机微分方程理论,假设水质模型中的耗氧系数、沉降系数、复氧系数服从双侧截尾正态分布,建立了考虑随机效应的水质模型。将模型应用于COD超标风险分析,分别计算了不同水文、水质条件下COD浓度的概率分布。结果表明:当三道营来水COD浓度为16、17、18 mg/L时,超标概率为分别在0.3、0.6、0.8左右。     

向家坝水电站二次设备安装质量控制

水电站二次设备安装工程在机电安装工程中占有重要地位,本文结合向家坝机电安装工程管理实践,介绍了质量管理组织体系建设、图纸审查、设备检验、安装调试、专业间技术协调、推行尾工项目列清单和抓好工程质量验收与评定等质量控制的经验做法。