环氧树脂/环氧液晶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

采用液晶环氧预聚物(PHQEP)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)共混改性环氧树脂制备三元共混体系的环氧基复合材料。用X射线衍射法(XRD)测试了有机化蒙脱土在被插层前后片层间距的变化,通过DSC、TGA及SEM等对PHQEP/OMMT增韧改性环氧树脂固化体系的力学性能,热性能及微观相态结构进行了研究。结果表明:当PHQEP质量分数为5%,添加1.5%的有机蒙脱土可以使环氧树脂的冲击强度达到最大值23.43 kJ/m2,比纯环氧树脂提高2倍左右,玻璃化转变温度及5%热分解温度比纯环氧树脂分别高出15℃和27℃。PHQEP与OMMT的加入使纳米复合材料的力学性能和热性能得到明显提高。     

Fabrication of Gd2O3‐MgO nanocomposite optical ceramics with varied crystallographic modifications of Gd2O3 constituent

The fabrication of Gd₂O₃‐MgO nanocomposite optical ceramics via hot‐pressing using sol‐gel derived cubic‐Gd₂O₃ and MgO nanopowders was investigated. The precursor powder calcined at 600°C had an average particle size of 12 nm. The effects of hot‐pressing temperature on constituent phases, microstructure, mid‐infrared transmittance, and microhardness were studied. The crystallographic modifications of Gd₂O₃ phase varied with the increase in sintering temperature from 1250 to 1350°C. The monoclinic‐Gd₂O₃ phase was retained for the composite sintered at 1350°C and the sample had an average grain size of 90 nm, excellent transmission (80.4%‐84.8%) over 3‐6 μm wavelength range, and enhanced hardness value of 14.1 GPa.     

铜离子和六价铬离子在聚苯胺／凹凸棒石纳米复合材料上的竞争吸附

采用原位聚合法合成了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺／凹凸棒（polyaniline／attapulgite,PANI／ATP）纳米复合材料,研究了其对水中重金属离子Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附性能。考查了影响Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）吸附率的主要因素、热力学性能,以及2种离子的吸附等温线类型,通过解吸附探讨了复合材料对双离子的吸附机理。结...     

Use of a new natural clay to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with 3 wt% of modified natural Algerian clay (AC; montmorillonite type) were prepared by either in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile or a melt‐mixing process with preformed PMMA via twin‐screw extrusion. The organo‐modification of the AC montmorillonite was achieved by ion exchange of Na⁺ with octadecyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium bromide. Up to now, this AC montmorillonite has found applications only in the petroleum industry as a rheological additive for drilling muds and in water purification processes; its use as reinforcement in polymer matrices has not been reported yet. The modified clay was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), which showed an important shift of the interlayer spacing after organo‐modification. The degree of dispersion of the clay in the polymer matrix and the resulting morphology of nanocomposites were evaluated using XRD and transmission electron microscopy. The resulting intercalated PMMA nanocomposites were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was not significantly influenced by the presence of the modified clay while the thermal stability was considerably improved compared to unfilled PMMA. This Algerian natural montmorillonite can serve as reinforcing nanofiller for polymer matrices and is of real interest for the fabrication of nanocomposite materials with improved properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

酪素/蒙脱土插层复合物制备及其耐水性能研究

在十六烷基季胺盐存在下进行蒙脱土插层得到[H4N(CH2)15CH3]+-蒙脱土插层物,酪素加热溶解后与[H4N(CH2)15CH]+-蒙脱土插层物混合,保温复合,然后沉淀分离,得到干酪素/蒙脱土纳米复合物。用XRD,TEM和TGA表征酪素纳米复合物的结构与性能。结果表明,插层复合物中蒙脱土晶片间距扩大,插层复合物耐热性能明显提高,与纯酪素相比,复合物拥有极好的耐水性能,特别适用于制备高速高性能啤酒生产线用贴标胶。     

Preparation and rheology of polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites and studies on their percolated structure

The polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites were prepared via an in situ polymerization route with attapulgites pre-modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Morphology observation showed that the exfoliated attapulgite fibers were well dispersed in the polyamide-6 matrix on a nanometer scale and formed a percolation network structure. The rheological behaviors of such polymer/fibrous clay nanocompostie samples were investigated by an ARES rheometer with parallel plate geometry. The storage moduli (G′), loss moduli (G″), and dynamic viscosities of these samples increased monotonically with attapulgite content at low frequencies. The presence of attapulgites caused these nanocomposite melts to have solid-like behaviors and slower relaxation. This behavior can be explained in terms of the development of a grafting-percolated fibrous-silicate network structure. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the critical threshold for attapulgites fibers in 3D. The calculated critical threshold from simulations fitted the results of our rheological experiments very well.     

黏土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及性能

利用乳液插层法制备了黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料,研究了该复合材料的力学性能、应力应变行为、耐磨性、气体阻隔性和耐老化性能。结果表明,黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料与高耐磨炭黑(N330)、白炭黑增强橡胶相比,邵尔A型硬度、定伸应力和撕裂强度较高,拉伸强度相当。黏土、N330以及白炭黑对天然橡胶的拉伸结晶有影响,填料用量对材料拉伸强度的影响存在最佳值。黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料具有良好的耐磨性、气体阻隔性和耐老化性能。     

Structure and property of Cu-based thermosensitive nanocomposite

I Introduction Thermosensitive materials are getting more and more attention in recent years. Now major thermo- sensitive materials, such as shape memory alloy, bimetallic strips and shape memory polymer are based on inherent thermal expansivity or phase-…     

电沉积方式对Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积和超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,研究电沉积方式对纳米复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理。结果表明:电沉积方式对Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸和性能有较大影响;当超声波引入脉冲电沉积过程时,超声波的强力搅拌作用和超声空化效应能促进CeO2纳米颗粒在镀层中均匀分布,进一步减小镀层的晶粒尺寸,明显提高镀层的显微硬度,从而改善镀层的摩擦磨损性能;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能均优于纯Ni镀层的;而超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒更加细小、显微硬度最高,其摩擦因数最低,耐磨损性能最佳。     

Ti对高B含量纳米复合Nd9.4Fe79.6-xTixB11永磁合金显微结构和磁性能的影响

研究了Ti添加对Nd9.4Fe79.6-xTixBu(x=0,1,2,4,6)合金显微结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,添加Tj能抑制Nd9.4Fe79.6-xTixB11合金中NdzFe23B3和Fe3B相的形成及a-Fe相的析出和长大,促进Nd2Fe14B相的形成.当Ti添加到一定量时,Ti能以TiB2质点的形式从合金中析出,TiB2质点能够抑制晶粒的长大,改善合金的显微结构.综合性能比较佳的Nd9.4Fe75.6Ti4B11合金薄带最佳退火工艺下剩磁Br为0.87T,矫顽力Hcj达到931 kA/m,磁能积(BH)max为115.4kJ/m3.