Silica-supported cobalt catalysts for the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene

Catalytic behavior of silica-supported transition metals for NO reduction with propene in the presence of oxygen was investigated. While both silica and cobalt oxides did not show any activity for the selective NO reduction, impregnated CoO/SiO₂ prepared from cobalt acetate showed good activity although the preparation conditions had significant effect on the activity. It was suggested that highly dispersed surface Co²⁺ ions on silica are responsible for the catalytic activity.     

Sodium Coordination Environments in Silica Films

The local structure centered on sodium after diffusion in silica (Na-SiO₂ samples) has been determined by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies. The Na-SiO₂ samples are of particular interest because (i) their sodium content can be varied over a wide range of concentration and (ii) their local structure is representative of that of soda–silica glass. EXAFS analyses reveal the existence of a well-defined local structure involving oxygen, sodium, and silicon neighbors. The Na-O, Na-Na, and Na-Si bonds lengths, which amount to 0.23, 0.30, and 0.38 nm, respectively, do not depend on sodium concentration. This environment closely resembles that found in soda–silica glass. Moreover, it is compatible with the "target site" and "the site memory effect" suggested by recent theories of the ionic conductivity in oxide glasses.     

含白炭黑胎面胶的混炼

以白炭黑作填充剂的轮胎具有滚动阻力低等优点。但是白炭黑在橡胶中不易分散。介绍了为提高含白炭黑的胎面胶的混炼质量，加速白炭黑在轮胎中的推广应用而采取的原材料、混炼工艺和混炼设备。     

Polymer nanocomposite powders and melt spun fibers filled with silica nanoparticles

Nanocomposite powders from polypropylene filled with surface modified and unmodified fumed silica have been prepared from polymer solution to achieve improved mixing and have been forwarded to fiber melt spinning. The surface of the fumed silica was modified with dodecyl alkoxy silanes. Crystallization velocity and viscosity of the PP nanocomposites thereof were determined to ensure good melt spinning processing conditions for all composite compositions. Upon addition of untreated filler particles, a shear thinning and an increased crystallization velocity of the polymer melt was found, while only minor changes were detected in the presence of surface modified fumed silica particles. The composites and the polymer fibers made from these powder composites by melt spinning were mainly characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and solid‐state NMR. The unmodified fumed silica was found to have a strong influence on the mechanical fiber properties, while the surface modified silica only a small one. Fibers were additionally characterized with respect to the uniformity, the PP crystallinity, moisture absorption, and the water contact angle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 218–227, 2007     

Silica Nanoboxes as New Nano-structured Materials: Their Secondary Synthesis from Alumina-Rich Zeolites

Novel silica nanoboxes were prepared by controlled dealumination of Na-X and Ca-A type zeolites using ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS). The silica-richer the parent zeolite, the smaller the average pore size produced and the narrower the pore size distribution obtained. This was due to the specific reactivity of the extracting agent with the zeolite framework aluminum atoms. High temperature calcination of the dealuminated X-zeolite (ammonium form) resulted in mesoporous materials exhibiting an ink-bottle shape, a quite high surface area (330 m²/g, no micropores), an average pore diameter of 4.5 nm with a quite narrow pore size distribution (± 1.0 nm) and finally, a pore opening diameter of 3.9 nm. The latter was determined by using the nitrogen sorption isotherms (BET technique) and related pore volume data. The sorption behavior also suggested the interconnecting character of the newly created nanoboxes. The periodicity of these nanoboxes throughout the mesoporous material was clearly shown by X-ray powder diffraction at very small angles. These materials, herein called monomodal nanoboxes because of the absence of micropores in the structure, were also thermally stable. Incorporation of orthosilicate into the obtained silica nanoboxes, in accordance with the recently developed technique for pore size engineering in zeolites, led to materials with smaller pore openings but having almost the same textural properties. Solid superacidic materials were prepared by incorporating a liquid superacid (triflic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) into the silica nanoboxes using the wet impregnation technique. The maximum triflic acid loading which did not significantly affect the mesoporous framework of the materials was 24 wt%. As a reference, the maximum loading of less acidic sulfuric acid was slightly lower. All this showed the high chemical stability of the silica nanoboxes for supporting very acidic species. Temperature-programmed desorption using a combined DTA/TGA system allowed the identification of the bound phases and some liquid phase of the loaded triflic acid.     

PE基聚硅氧烷/改性SiO2超疏水薄膜的构筑

使用十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(OTMS)对纳米SiO2进行表面疏水改性,将得到的改性纳米SiO2(OTMS-SiO2)添加到有机硅树脂(SI)中,然后采用两步法在聚乙烯(PE)薄膜表面固化制备了复合涂层SI/OTMS-SiO2.通过FTIR、1HNMR、29SiNMR、TGA对OTMS-SiO2及复合涂层进行了表征,采用接触角测量仪、SEM、AFM对复合涂层疏水特性和形貌进行了测试和观察,最后对复合涂层的耐磨性和附着力进行了分析.结果表明,SiO2表面成功引入了OTMS,且OTMS-SiO2均匀附着在硅树脂涂层上,增加了表面粗糙度,得到了PE基固化超疏水复合涂层.当OTMS-SiO2添加量为正己烷质量的8％时,制得的复合涂层的水接触角为154°,滚动角为7°,并具有良好的耐磨性,其附着力可达4A等级.     

沉淀法白炭黑化学指标与胶料物理性能的关系

分析了沉淀法白炭黑BET，CTAB，Ssears比表面，DBP吸油值，平均粒径与粒径分布对胶料物理性能的影响。得出结论：满足轮胎综合力学性能的沉淀法白炭黑应为低BET比表面积，低BET与CTAB比，高BET与Ssears比，适中的DBP吸油值，中值粒径小且易崩解的产品。     

Mode of oleic acid adsorption on rice hull ash cristobalite

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the adsorption of oleic acid (OA) onto dry rice hull ash (RHA) silica. Adsorption partially occurred by surface hydrogen bonding of the carboxylic acid. There was also formation of carboxylate ions by reaction of OA with residual potassium oxide. These ions were strongly bound by the ash. Isopropanol inhibited OA adsorption by H-bonding and encouraged desorption of H-bonded OA, but without itself being significantly bound. RHA with 40% moisture also adsorbed a small amount of OA by H-bonding and reacted with OA to form and adsorb carboxylate ions.     

Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto silica

The free‐radical graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto nonporous silica particles was studied experimentally. The grafting procedure consisted of surface activation with vinyltrimethoxysilane, followed by free‐radical graft polymerization of vinyl acetate in ethyl acetate with 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylpentanenitrile) initiator. Initial monomer concentration was varied from 10 to 40% by volume and the reaction was spanned from 50 to 70°C. The resulting grafted polymer, which was stable over a wide range of pH levels, consisted of polymer chains that are terminally and covalently bonded to the silica substrate. The experimental polymerization rate order, with respect to monomer concentration, ranged from 1.61 to 2.00, consistent with the kinetic order for the high polymerization regime. The corresponding rate order for polymer grafting varied from 1.24 to 1.43. The polymer graft yield increased with both initial monomer concentration and reaction temperature, and the polymer‐grafted surface became more hydrophobic with increasing polymer graft yield. The present study suggests that a denser grafted polymer phase of shorter chains was created upon increasing temperature. On the other hand, both polymer chain length and polymer graft density increased with initial monomer concentration. Atomic force microscopy–determined topology of the polymer‐grafted surface revealed a distribution of surface clusters and surface elevations consistent with the expected broad molecular‐weight distribution for free‐radical polymerization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 300–310, 2003     

纳米级氢氧化镍制备及电化学性能研究

介绍了一种通过合成草酸镍,进而生成β型纳米氢氧化镍的新的合成路线,从而达到大幅度提高镍氢电池正极放电容量的目的。使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析产品的晶型结构。从产品谱图中可以得知：由于特征衍射峰的出现可以判定该产品为β型,且由于（001）峰的宽化可以初步判定其为纳米级。通过透射电镜（TEM）可以看出产品粒径和形貌的具体特征,即产品为针状,长度为100～200 nm,直径为10～20 nm。将纳米级氢氧化镍制成电极,经过充放电测试可以发现电容量约为400 mA.h/g,远远高于球形微米级氢氧化镍的放电容量。