微型压电能量收集器的研究现状和发展趋势

综述目前微型压电能量收集器的研究现状,包括压电材料、能量收集器结构类型、结构优化技术、能量收集接口电路和典型应用,详细介绍压电悬臂式结构.最后对微型压电能量收集器的发展趋势提出看法.     

微通道内湍流流动与换热模型的建立

根据湍流模型的理论基础及适用范围,分析在微尺度条件下,加入湍流黏性耗散的作用。利用连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程,建立雷诺时均化湍流流动模型;依据Prandtl混合长度理论,建立脉动项与时均项的微分方程;确定对流换热Nu数与比热、流体温度、摩擦系数之间的关系,推导其计算公式。     

Dynamic Self‐Assembly of Homogenous Microcyclic Structures Controlled by a Silver‐Coated Nanopore

The self‐assembly of nanoparticles is a challenging process for organizing precise structures with complicated and ingenious structures. In the past decades, a simple, high‐efficiency, and reproducible self‐assembly method from nanoscale to microscale has been pursued because of the promising and extensive application prospects in bioanalysis, catalysis, photonics, and energy storage. However, microscale self‐assembly still faces big challenges including improving the stability and homogeneity as well as pursuing new assembly methods and templates for the uniform self‐assembly. To address these obstacles, here, a novel silver‐coated nanopore is developed which serves as a template for electrochemically generating microcyclic structures of gold nanoparticles at micrometers with highly homogenous size and remarkable reproducibility. Nanopore‐induced microcyclic structures are further applied to visualize the diffusion profile of ionic flux. Based on this novel strategy, a nanopore could potentially facilitate the delivery of assembled structures for many practical applications including drug delivery, cellular detection, catalysis, and plasmonic sensing.     

Effective Light Directed Assembly of Building Blocks with Microscale Control

Light‐directed forces have been widely used to pattern micro/nanoscale objects with precise control, forming functional assemblies. However, a substantial laser intensity is required to generate sufficient optical gradient forces to move a small object in a certain direction, causing limited throughput for applications. A high‐throughput light‐directed assembly is demonstrated as a printing technology by introducing gold nanorods to induce thermal convection flows that move microparticles (diameter = 40 µm to several hundreds of micrometers) to specific light‐guided locations, forming desired patterns. With the advantage of effective light‐directed assembly, the microfluidic‐fabricated monodispersed biocompatible microparticles are used as building blocks to construct a structured assembly (≈10 cm scale) in ≈2 min. The control with microscale precision is approached by changing the size of the laser light spot. After crosslinking assembly of building blocks, a novel soft material with wanted pattern is approached. To demonstrate its application, the mesenchymal stem‐cell‐seeded hydrogel microparticles are prepared as functional building blocks to construct scaffold‐free tissues with desired structures. This light‐directed fabrication method can be applied to integrate different building units, enabling the bottom‐up formation of materials with precise control over their internal structure for bioprinting, tissue engineering, and advanced manufacturing.     

超级电容器及锂电池中锂离子相互作用模型的构建

超级电容器及锂电池中锂离子高度富集,构建准确的锂离子相互作用模型对于预测超级电容器及锂电池性能、设计电极材料具有重要的指导作用。通过量子密度泛函理论计算了超级电容器及锂电池中锂离子间的相互作用,重点考察了锂离子间短程范德华相互作用的特点及溶剂化效应对范德华作用的影响,发现短程区域内范德华作用能在很大程度上屏蔽库仑排斥作用,溶剂化效应对范德华作用有很大贡献。通过数值拟合建立了能适用于不同溶剂环境下的锂离子相互作用分子模型（隐式溶剂模型）。另外还考察了锂离子间三体相互作用,发现三体相互作用为吸引作用,且仅对局部大量富集的锂离子有较大影响。     

微管内部流动粘性耗散的实验研究与数值模拟

为深入了解微管内部流动及换热机理,对液体在微管内部流动引起的粘性耗散问题进行了理论分析、数值计算和实验验证.以蒸馏水为工质,流过内径为25μm及50μm微光滑石英管,采用非接触式温度测量方法——红外热成像测量液体粘性耗散导致的微管壁面的温度场变化,获得精确的微管外壁温度分布.同时利用SIMPLEC计算方法对其内部流动耗散进行了数值模拟,得到了微管内部流动雷诺数Re和流体温升的关系.实验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合,表明忽略粘性耗散的影响会最终影响微管摩擦系数和Re数的表观实验结果.     

Investigating creep rupture and damage behaviour in notched P92 steel specimen using a microscale modelling approach

Idealized random grains separated by pseudo grain boundaries were generated by using Voronoi tessellation to simulate the polycrystalline microstructure. Combined with finite element analyses, this approach made it possible to addressing crack initiation and progressive failure due to crack growth in notched bar geometries of P92 steel at high temperature. The calculations provided good predictions for creep rupture lives of notched specimen with different notch radii and external stress. Simultaneously, irregular crack growth shape, intergranular crack mode, and wedge cracks at triple grain interaction were captured in the model. The crack initiation positions were found to be influenced by notch radius and applied stress causing high stress triaxiality at the subgrain level. Furthermore, the preferential crack growth directions were changed as the notch varied from sharp to blunt.     

Fully Integrated Microscale Quasi‐2D Crystalline Molecular Field‐Effect Transistors

Monolithic integration of microscale organic field‐effect transistors (micro‐OFETs) is the only and inevitable path toward low‐cost large‐area electronics and displays. However, to date, such an ultimate technology has not yet evolved due to challenges in positioning and patterning highly crystalline microscale molecular layers as well as in developing micrometer scale integration schemes. In this work, by mastering the local growth of molecular semiconductors on pre‐defined terraces, single‐crystal quasi‐2D molecular layers tens of square micrometers in size are created in dense periodic arrays on a Si substrate. Nondestructive photolithographic processes are developed to pattern micro‐OFETs with mobilities up to 34.6 cm² V^?1 s^?1. This work demonstrates the feasibility to integrate arrays of short‐channel micro‐OFETs into electronic circuitry by highly parallel and size scalable fabrication technologies.