酸性离子液体催化制备油酸甲酯

利用微波法一步合成缬氨酸氟硼酸盐酸性离子液体,并应用到油酸酯化反应中,该催化剂催化效果良好,可以替代硫酸、对甲苯磺酸等强酸,采用离子液体作催化剂具有用量少,腐蚀性低,可重复利用等优点。以缬氨酸氟硼酸离子液体作催化剂,油酸、甲醇为原料,反应物料质量比为0.008∶1∶9,反应时间为5h的反应条件下得到油酸甲酯。并通过油水分离、水相蒸馏重获催化剂,使之重复利用。重复5次实验中,其酯化转化率仍可达80.45%。     

以气质联用技术对白补药中挥发性成分的分析

为了寻找白补药的应用基础,确定白补药中挥发性物质的主要成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对白补药石油醚浸膏的化学成分进行研究.用75%的乙醇提取白补药,将所得浸膏加水稀释后用石油醚萃取,再用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对石油醚浸膏进行分析,共分离出53个峰.通过中文数据系统检索和质谱资料核对,鉴定出其中46个化合物,其中主要成分为棕榈油酸甲基酯(质量分数28.94%)、硬脂酸甲酯(质量分数6.47%)、3,4,5,6-四甲基-2,5-辛二烯(质量分数5.42%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(质量分数5.07%)等.通过鉴定明确了白补药中石油醚部分的主要成分,为该植物的开发利用提供了科学依据.     

MMA/N-对甲苯基马来酰亚胺乳液共聚的研究

通过乳液共聚得到N－对甲苯基马来酰亚胺（NPTMI），甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的二元共聚物，用扭辫分析，热重分析和维卡软化点测定仪研究了不同NPTMI含量对共聚物热性能的影响，以及共聚物的力学性能，流变性能，研究结果表明，共聚物初始分解温度（Tini)，失重50％时的温度，玻璃化转变温度（Tg)及维卡软化点（TViout)都随NPTMI的含量增加而提高，当NPTMI含量为15％时，Tg提高14．1℃，Tini提高23．2℃，TVicut提高8．9℃，工聚物熔体呈假塑性流体，同时共聚物熔体非牛顿指数随NPTMI含量的增加而增大。     

A RIS treatment of the mean-square dipole moment of PMMA chains in consideration of the pendant ester group orientations

According to the six-state scheme proposed by Vacatello and Flory, the mean-square dipole moments 〈M²〉/x (x: number of monomeric units) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains and their temperature dependence were calculated by the matrix algebra method of rotational isomeric state theory. To take account of the orientation effect of polar ester groups, the statistical weight matrices, U′ and U″, were recast into an expanded form. A Bernoullian probability λ introduced to measure the preference between the two alternative orientations (χ=0 and χ=π) of the side ester groups was found to give rise to a large effect on the mean-square dipole moment of polymers. When the skeletal bonds of a meso dyad are both in trans, an exceptionally strong dipole-dipole interaction may take place. If the two adjacent ester groups adopt the same orientation, the dipoles must be situated nearly parallel to each other in a close proximity. Such repulsive interactions may be alleviated by taking a staggered conformation, i.e. (χ,χ′)=(0,π) or (π,0). Such neighbor-dependent correlation inherent to the meso dyad is considered by assigning a parameter λ′ to the proper element of the U_m″ matrix. The values of 〈M²〉/x observed at 30 °C were satisfactorily reproduced by adopting λ=0.270 and λ′=0.865. The thermal coefficients were found to be reconciled with the available experimental data by allowing the orientation parameters λ and λ′ to be slightly temperature dependent. The stereochemical characteristics of the chain terminals were examined in order to extend the treatment to include the dipole moment of PMMA oligomers.     

硅丙乳液的合成及其吸水性的研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为原料,分别采用半连续法、种子预乳化法和后添加VTES法制得了硅丙乳液。研究了聚合工艺对硅丙乳液的吸水率、冻融稳定性、钙离子稳定性等的影响。结果表明,采用半连续法和种子预乳化法制得的硅丙乳液,冻融稳定性比较好,经过冻融循环后可以复原;采用半连续法制得的乳胶膜的吸水率随着乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的用量的增加而降低;采用后添加VTES法制得的硅丙乳液,其吸水率则随VTES用量的增加而升高,冻融循环后发生破乳。     

Anisotropic properties of aligned SWNT modified poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites with good uniformity, dispersion and alignment of SWNT were fabricated in an improved figuration process. The semidried mixture was stretched along one direction at a drawing ratio of 50 before it was dried, and then folded along the same direction stretching repeatedly for 100 times. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation demonstrated that SWNT in the PMMA/SWNT composite tends to align in the stretching direction owing to a torque exerting on it in the stretching process. The electrical and mechanical properties of PMMA/SWNT composite were studied as a function of SWNT orientation and concentration. The aligned SWNT modified PMMA/SWNT composite presented highly anisotropic properties. The experimental results showed that the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of composite rise with the increase of SWNT concentration, and that composite films showed higher conductivity and higher mechanical draw ratios along the stretched direction than perpendicular to it. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that embedding the SWNTs into the PMMA matrix also improves the thermal stability of the composite.     

丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成、结构与性能

采用水相沉淀法制备了含有0~30 m o l%丙烯酸甲酯(M A)的丙烯腈(AN)-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振(NM R)等方法对聚合产物进行了分析。聚合产物的组成比与投料比相近,随M A比例的增加,分解温度升高,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低。含M A 30m o l%的共聚物的分解温度为338.8℃,而熔融温度仅为188.8℃,由于第二单体M A的加入,使得共聚物的熔点降低至分解温度之前,这为改性聚丙烯腈的无增塑熔融纺丝提供了可能性。     

甲乙酮的生产技术及消费市场

甲乙酮是一种性能优良的有机溶剂和重要的精细化工原料，应用领域十分广泛。详细介绍了甲乙酮的用途、国内外生产状况及生产工艺。分析了甲乙酮消费市场情况，展望了我国甲乙酮的生产和应用前景，并为今后发展甲乙酮生产技术提出了合理的建议。     

H2BPMPBD和AP协同萃取Ln(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了1,4-双(1′-苯基-3′-甲基-5′-氧代吡唑-4′-基)丁二酮-[1,4](H2BPMPBD,简为H2A)和氨基比林(AP)的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对Ln( )的协同萃取。用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为LaA·HA·(AP)2,考察了萃取剂浓度和溶液酸度对萃取机理的影响,测定了半萃取pH1/2值和萃取反应平衡常数Ks.e.,求得了反应的焓变和熵变。     

结晶紫与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

用电化学方法结合紫外 可见光谱法 ,研究了结晶紫 (CV)与DNA在 0 2 0mol·L- 1 pH1 0 5的Britton Robinson(B R)缓冲溶液中相互作用的电化学行为。CV在玻碳电极上于 +0 474V(vs.SCE)处有一氧化峰 ,此峰电流与扫描速率的二分之一次方呈正比。在 1 3℃与DNA恒温反应 35min后 ,CV的氧化峰电流降低 ,但峰电位几乎不变。CV与DNA在该条件下结合生成一种非电化学活性的超分子化合物 ,求出CV与DNA反应的结合比为 2∶1 ,结合常数 β =1 43× 1 0 1 0 。