Decadienoates: Sex Pheromone Components of Nettle Caterpillars Darna trima and D. bradleyi

This study was undertaken to identify sex pheromone components of nettle caterpillars Darna trima and Darna bradleyi (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) whose larvae defoliate oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, in southeast Asia. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GCEAD) analyses of pheromone gland extracts revealed two antennally active compounds produced by female D. trima and two by female D. bradleyi. Molecular structures of these candidate pheromone components were identified by electron-impact and chemical-ionization mass spectrometry; retention-index calculations on DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210 columns; microanalytical treatments, as well as syntheses of "auxilliary" compounds that facilitated identification of the compounds. The compounds from D. trima were 2-methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (A) and (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-7,9decadienoate (B); from D. bradleyi we identified methyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (C), and isobutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (D). In field experiments in Malaysia, (S)-2-methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (SA) in combination with B proved to be essential and synergistic pheromone components for attraction of male D. trima. (R)-2-Methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (RA) had no behavioral activity. Compound D singly attracted male D. bradleyi, but addition of C to D at a 1 : 10 ratio significantly enhanced attractiveness of the bait. Synthetic pheromone blends were more effective trap baits than unmated female moths and could be developed for monitoring populations of D. trima and D. bradleyi in Asian oil palm plantations.     

植物油制备生物柴油的研究

分别以菜籽油、大豆油以及芸香籽油为原料，采用碱催化酯交换法制备了脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。结果表明，用碱催化酯交换法制备脂肪酸甲酯，原料的酸价低于1．5mgKOH／g时能够保证较高的脂肪酸甲酯收率，采用酸催化预酯化法对高酸价的油脂原料进行脱酸效果比较显著。浓硫酸不仅是油脂预酯化脱酸反应的催化剂，也是油脂与甲醇进行酯交换反应的催化剂，但与甲醇钠等碱性催化剂相比，相同条件下的酯交换反应转化率低。采用减压蒸馏的方法提纯生物柴油，在0．098MPa的真空度下应控制其馏出温度不超过240℃。     

In situ esterification of rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol

In situ esterifications of high-acidity rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst were investigated. In the esterification with methanol, all free fatty acids (FFA) dissolved in methanol were interesterified within 15 min, and it was possible to obtain nearly pure methyl esters. The amount of methyl esters obtained from a given rice bran was dependent on the FFA content of the rice bran oil. In the esterification with ethanol, it was not possible to obtain pure esters as in methanol esterification, because the solubilities of oil components in ethanol were much higher than those in methanol.     

Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends II: Alkyl glycoside polyesters

Surface active properties such as surface and interfacial tension reductions and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters, a potential fat substitute, and emulsifier blends of alkyl glycoside polyesters and Ryoto sugar esters were investigated. Our results indicate that blending of lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifying agents produces a synergistic effect on reduction of surface and interfacial tensions and may, in some cases, result in more stable emulsions. Alkyl glycoside polyesters may be suitable for w/o emulsions, such as margarine and butter, and their blends with hydrophilic emulsifiers will produce reduced calorie emulsifiers suitable for use in o/w emulsions, such as salad dressing. There appears to be great potential for using such emulsifier blends in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.     

2-（4-氯苯氨基）甲基苯酚降解的动力学研究

采用高效液相色谱技术,开展了Fenton试剂对2-（4-氯苯氨基）甲基苯酚（CMP）的氧化降解动力学的研究。考察了初始双氧水摩尔浓度、亚铁离子摩尔浓度和温度等因素对CMP降解速率的影响,结果表明,当双氧水摩尔浓度、亚铁离子摩尔浓度增大和温度升高时,CMP的氧化速率明显加快。在30~45℃的温度范围内,其氧化降解符合假一级反应动力学模型,反应的表观活化能Ea为102.90kJ/mol。     

用偏钛酸作原料制备纳米TiO2粉末以及颗粒相结构与光催化性能关系的研究

米用常温氨水水解TiOSO4过程中加入自制的表面活性剂制备了超细纳米TiO2粉末,用XRD,TEM和比表面仪对不同煅烧温度下的纳米TiO2粉末结构、粒径大小和比表面等进行了表征,研究了纳米TiO2粉末对甲基橙的光催化降解能力。研究表明煅烧温度在400℃～800℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末呈锐钛矿结构,粒径约为5．5nm～9．6nm,比表面积高达189．45m^2/g;在850℃煅烧后所得的纳米TiO2粉末为锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构;在l100℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末为金红石型纳米TiO2粉末,同时微粒出现团聚且粒径变大。光催化实验表明：纳米TiO2粉末的光催化活性与煅烧温度密切相关,850℃煅烧1．5h所制得的混晶结构纳米TiO2粉末表现出较高的光催化活性。与国产商品纳米锐钛矿型TiO2相比,其降解甲基橙的速率约为国产商品纳米TiO2的1倍。     

双氧水改性二氧化钛的光催化性能研究

研究了用微乳法制备纳米二氧化钛粉末的工艺，以及在紫外光照射下，TiO2和H2O2分别以及两者结合对于甲基橙溶液的降解作用。结果表明用微乳法可以制备粒度为23．2nm的纳米TiO2粉末；在紫外光照射下，H2O2可以有效地降解甲基橙溶液；当H2O2浓度从1mmol／L增加到10mmol／L，甲基橙的吸光度直线下降；当H2O2浓度达到10mmol／L时，降解率可以达到99％；TiO2也可以有效地降解甲崔橙溶液，当TiO2的浓度为0．50～0．75g／L时，降解率最大；用H2O2对TiO2进行改性后，可以有效地降解甲基橙溶液，固定TiO2的量为0．5g／L时，当H202浓度为4mmol／L时，甲基橙溶液的吸光度达到最低；当H2O2浓度处于10mmol／L以上时，甲基橙溶液的吸光度却出现无规则的变化。     

一种新型气硬冷芯盒树脂砂工艺试验及其在生产中的应用

原砂加入2．5％水溶性酚醛树脂，固化剂为甲酸甲脂，加入量占树脂的30％～40％。先把甲酸甲脂在气体发生器中气化，然后再与40％的压缩空气混合，吹气硬化制芯，最高抗拉强度1．2MPa，抗压强度0．32MPa，发气量12mL／g。生产浇注试验表明：砂芯表面光洁，轮廓清晰，尺寸精确，铸件缺陷少，无毒或低毒，和一般冷硬树脂砂比较，成本降低30％。     

Ultrastructural investigation of intact orbital implant surfaces using atomic force microscopy

This study examined the surface nanostructures of three orbital implants: nonporous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), porous aluminum oxide and porous polyethylene. The morphological characteristics of the orbital implants surfaces were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM topography, phase shift and deflection images of the intact implant samples were obtained. The surface of the nonporous PMMA implant showed severe scratches and debris. The surface of the aluminum oxide implant showed a porous structure with varying densities and sizes. The PMMA implant showed nodule nanostructures, 215.56 ± 52.34 nm in size, and the aluminum oxide implant showed crystal structures, 730.22 ± 341.02 nm in size. The nonporous PMMA implant showed the lowest roughness compared with other implant biomaterials, followed by the porous aluminum oxide implant. The porous polyethylene implant showed the highest roughness and severe surface irregularities. Overall, the surface roughness of orbital implants might be associated with the rate of complications and cell adhesion. SCANNING 33: 211–221, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

PVA厂乙酸甲酯水解回收系统全流程模拟

本文应用HYSYS~等流程模拟软件模拟PVA厂乙酸甲酯(MeOAC)水解回收工序的全流程,分别模拟比较传统的固定床水解工艺、工业化的催化精馏水解工艺和本项目研究的萃取精馏与催化精馏耦合水解工艺。综合工艺流程的模拟,为了降低能耗,提出耦合水解工艺的中试方案:控制回流进料比约为3,进料水酯摩尔大于5,水解转化率大于90%mol,配合电渗析或连续萃取操作提浓乙酸,可望比原固定床工艺节能2成。通过中试反馈和进一步仿真,优化MeOAC水解耦合工艺流程体系,提出实现"深度水解"和"完全水解"的耦合水解工艺新方案,核算过程。结果表明耦合水解工艺方案可行,节能效果十分显著。