高铅硫化铜精矿的二段焙烧

高铅硫化铜精矿进行湿法铜铅分离时，焙烧过程因有低熔点组份产生，使培砂中铜浸出率仅为73％～82％，达不到工艺要求。经二段焙烧后消除了上述影响，铜浸出率达到97．4％，实现了铜铅分离。     

用熔融还原的方法从浸钒渣中提镓——碳饱和情况下的熔融还原过程

用通用旋转组合设计的方法得到了浸钒渣在饱和碳的熔融还原过程中镓的还原提取率与温度,时间及CaO的加入量关系的非线性数学模型。用非线性优化的方法并综合考虑Fe,Mn的回收,得到了最优的工艺条件及结果;用Langmuir—Knudsen方程推算了镓在铁液中的理论挥发量与时间的关系,与由本模型得到的关系式是一致的。     

A review of the linear term in the low-temperature specific heat of La2CuO4 and La2?xMxCuO4 (M = Ba, Ca, Sr)

In this report I will summarize the results of an extensive review of the low-temperature specific heat of the La-based high-temperature superconductors, withT _c between 30 and 40 K, and the related nonsuperconducting compound La₂CuO₄. There have been two previous studies by Fisheret al. [1] and Fischeret al. [2] which also reviewed the low-temperature specific heat of these materials. This work was undertaken to extend a similar study of the 90 K superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7– which we recently completed [3]. This review will focus exclusively on the low-temperature specific heat and will update the previous studies by including recent results.     

Advantages of high-field tokamaks for fusion reactor development

High-field designs could reduce the cost and complexity of tokamak reactors. Moreover, the certainty of achieving required plasma performance could be increased. Strong Ohmic heating could eliminate or significantly decrease auxiliary heating power requirements and high values of n_E could be obtained in modest-size plasmas. Other potential advantages are reactor operation at modest values of , capability of higher power density and wall loading, and possibility of operation with advanced fuel mixtures. Present experimental results and basic scaling relations imply that the parameterB ²a, where B is the magnetic field and a is the minor radius, may be of special importance. A superhigh-field compact ignition experiment with very high values ofB ²a (e.g.,B ²a=150 T² m) has the potential of Ohmically heating to ignition. This short-pulse device would use inertially cooled copper plate magnets. Compact engineering test reactor and/or experimental hybrid reactor designs would use steady-state, water-cooled copper magnets and provide long-pulse operation. Design concepts are also described for demonstration/commercial reactors. These devices could use high-field superconducting magnets with 7–10 T at the plasma axis.     

Inhibition behavior for copper corrosion by photoelectrochemical methods

wavelengthofmono chromatelightwas 4 2 0nm .3　RESULTSANDDISCUSSION3.1　ApplicationofphotoelectrochemicalmethodtoevaluatetheeffectsofinhibitorsforcoppercorrosionThestructuresoftheinhibitorsforcoppercorro sionshownintextareasfollows:Theinhibitioneffectsofdifferentinhibitorsforcoppercorrosioncanbeevaluatedby photoelec trochemicalmethod .AsshowninRef .[12 ],onanegativepotentialscan ,thepotentialcorrespondingtothecathodicphotocurrentJph=0isdefinedasΦV,atwhichCu2 Oontheelectrodesurfaceisc…     

Novel technology of purification of copper electrolyte

The effects of arsenic with different valence states on the purification of copper electrolyte were studied and a novel technology of purification of copper electrolyte by copper arsenite was proposed. The results show that the purification performance of As（Ⅲ） compounds is better than that of As（Ⅴ） compounds. The purification technology by copper arsenite has the advantages of simple operation, high purification performance and low cost in comparison with other technologies and its appropriate purification conditions are that copper arsenite concentration is 18 g/L, reaction temperature is 65 ℃ and reaction time is 8 h. The removal rates of Sb and Bi are 53.22% and 58.67% respectively under these conditions. The purification principle show that a kind of yellow precipitate mainly composed of arsenic, antimony （ Ⅴ ）, bismuth and oxygen forms in electrolyte after copper arsenite is added, and consequently antimony and bismuth are removed from electrolyte.     

从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究

本文介绍了从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究情况，采用酸浸-铜镉渣中和-锌粉除铜法处理铜镉渣，工艺简单合理，镉直收率高，有一定的推广价值。     

天然沸石与纳滤组合工艺处理铜突发污染的应用

纳滤工艺被广泛应用于分散式饮用水深度处理,能解决饮用水苦咸化,盐碱化或微污染等常规水处理工艺无法规避的用水风险,在长时间运行过程中还能有效应对重金属等突发污染风险。但重金属污染易加重纳滤膜污染,需要增设预处理装置加以缓冲,实现纳滤装置的长久稳定运行。而天然沸石具有良好的筛分性能和吸附性能,能够有效缓冲重金属对纳滤装置的冲击。试验以重金属铜为例,证明水中铜离子会造成纳滤不可逆污染比例增加,不利于系统稳定运行;天然沸石对铜离子有很好的吸附效果,静态吸附试验表明天然沸石对水中铜离子的最大吸附量为3.03 mg/g,通过正交试验合理设计吸附预处理,能够有效为纳滤工艺提供安全进水,保证纳滤进水铜离子浓度低于10 mg/L。实践工艺中,吸附预处理能有效缓解纳滤膜不可逆污染,而且吸附-纳滤组合工艺对铜离子及部分其他重金属离子表现出良好的处理效果。     

Antioxidant vs. Prooxidant Properties of the Flavonoid,Kaempferol, in the Presence of Cu(II) Ions: A ROS-Scavenging Activity,Fenton Reaction and DNA Damage Study

Kaempferol is a flavonoid that occurs in tea and in many vegetables and fruits, including broccoli, cabbage, beans, grapes, apples, and strawberries. The efficacy of Kaempferol has been demonstrated in the treatment of breast, esophageal, cervical, ovarian, and liver cancers and leukemia, which very likely arises from its prooxidant properties and the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. Indeed, this matter has already been the focus of a number of published studies and reviews. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the antioxidant vs. prooxidant properties of flavonoids in the presence of the redox-active metal, copper (II) ion, by means of the Fenton reaction. The specific motivation of this work is that, since an increased level of Cu(II) ions is known to be associated with many disease states such as neurological conditions (Alzheimer’s disease) and cancer, any interaction between these ions and flavonoids might affect the outcome of therapeutic uses of the latter. The structure of the Cu-kaempferol complex in DMSO was investigated by means of low temperature EPR spectroscopy, which confirmed the existence of at least two distinct coordination environments around the copper (II) ion. UV vis-spectra of kaempferol and its Cu(II) complex in DMSO revealed an interaction between the 5-OH (A ring) group and the 4-CO (C ring) group of kaempferol with Cu(II) ions. An ABTS assay confirmed that kaempferol acted as an effective radical scavenger, and that this effect was further enhanced in the form of the Cu(II)-kaempferol complex. Quantitative EPR spin trapping experiments, using DMPO as the spin trap, confirmed suppression of the formation of a mixture of hydroxyl, superoxide, and methyl radicals, in a Fenton reaction system, upon coordination of kaempferol to the redox-active Cu(II) ions, by 80% with respect to the free Cu(II) ions. A viscometric study revealed a better DNA-intercalating ability of the Cu-kaempferol complex than for free kaempferol, essential for conferring anticancer activity of these substances. The results of the viscometric measurements were compared with those from a DNA damage study of Cu-kaempferol complexes in a Fenton reaction system, using gel electrophoresis. At low concentrations of kaempferol (Cu–kaempferol ratios of 1:1 and 1:2), a very weak protective effect on DNA was noted, whereas when kaempferol was present in excess, a significant DNA-protective effect was found. This can be explained if the weakly intercalated kaempferol molecules present at the surface of DNA provide protection against attack by ROS that originate from the Fenton reaction involving intercalated Cu(II)-kaempferol complexes. Following the application of ROS scavengers, L-histidine, DMSO, and SOD, gel electrophoresis confirmed the formation of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radical anions, respectively. We propose that the prooxidant properties of Cu-kaempferol complexes may provide anticancer activity of these substances. When present in excess, kaempferol displays antioxidant properties under Cu-Fenton conditions. This suggests that kaempferol might prove a suitable candidate for the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress related medical conditions that involve a disturbed metabolism of redox metals such as copper, for example, Menkes disease, and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. For the potential use of kaempferol in clinical practice, it will be necessary to optimize the dose size and critical age of the patient so that this flavonoid may be beneficial as a preventive drug against cancer and neurological disorders.     

基于遗传算法的铜闪速熔炼过程控制优化

基于已建立的铜闪速熔炼神经网络模型,以能耗费用最低为目标,在工艺指标控制范围内,采用遗传算法对铜闪速熔炼过程的工艺参数进行了仿真优化计算。结果表明,当空气、分配风、工艺氧和中央氧的市场价格折合比值分别为0.05、0.1、0.4和0.45,精矿量为128 t,其成分(质量分数)为Cu 20.61%、S 27.59%、Fe 24.72%、SiO2 11.64%和MgO 1.39%时,铜闪速熔炼工艺参数的遗传优化值为空气15 011 m3、分配风1 302 m3、工艺氧17 359 m3、中央氧1 000 m3、熔剂13.6 t;与实践平均值相比,若采用优化工艺参数控制,熔炼能耗费用可降低4.6%。