盐酸乙脒生产技术的进步

介绍了国内盐酸乙脒的发展概况,论述了氯碱企业生产盐酸乙脒的优势,综述了近几年盐酸乙脒生产技术方面取得的进步,并指出为了适应维生素B1的发展,仍需加大对盐酸乙脒的研究和开发,积极探索原料消耗低、能耗低、产品收率高、产品质量高、生产过程对环境友好的新生产工艺.     

复分解法制备磷酸二氢钾的研究

介绍了以工业氯化钾和工业磷酸为基本原料，采用复分解法，在氯化钾过量的情况下，加入氨水作为pH值调节剂，制备磷酸二氢钾（KH2PO4）的研究。产品含量大于92％，原料转化率（以磷酸计）大于85％，无三废产生。     

Lewis酸存在下的自由基共聚合——Ⅰ.GeCl_4与BCl_3存在下的乙酸乙烯酯与丙烯酸交替共聚

乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)与丙烯酸(AA)在GeCl_4及BCl_3存在下通过自由基聚合可得到交替共聚物。对GeCl_4体系,聚合反应速率正比于[引发剂]~(0.5)。当VAc/AA=1:1(mol比)时有最大反应速率。CCl_4对本聚合反应无链转移作用。通过紫外光谱分析可证实VAc及AA均与GeC\(?)生成络合物;ESR分析表明,络合AA自由基较未络合AA有较强的阳离子特性,交替共聚的原因可能与络合AA自由基及活化单体络合物二者有关。     

单釜合成四羰基钴盐和苯丙酮酸盐

在１００Ｌ的反应釜中，加入醇－水石灰乳、硫代硫酸钠、氯化钴和通入ＣＯ气体制备四羰基钴盐，接着在同一反应器中催化氯苄的双羰基化反应，合成苯丙酮酸盐。省去制备催化剂的高压反应釜及其复杂的贮运设备     

Quantitative description of the chloride effect on chlorine dioxide generation from the ClO2-HOCl reaction

The generation of chlorine dioxide from the reaction between hypochlorous acid and chlorite with or without an initial chloride addition has been studied under slightly acidic conditions. Chloride (Cl-), one of the products from the reaction, not only changes the reaction stoichiometry, but also alters the rate law. It was found that the formation of chlorine dioxide from the HOCI-ClO₂- system consists of two distinct parts, one is promoted by chloride, the other is independent of chloride. The overall kinetics of the chlorine dioxide generation from the reaction is: This model can very well predict the reaction under the following conditions: $ 273 - 303{\rm K},\left[ {ClO_2^ - } \right] = 0.001 - 0.00267\;{\rm mol}/{\rm L},\left[ {ClO_2^ - } \right]/\left[ {HOCl} \right] = 2,\;{\rm and}\;{\rm pH}\;3.86 - 4.91 $     

氯化低分子聚乙烯的应用研究

本文叙述了氯化聚乙烯的国内外发展概况。研究了低分子聚乙烯的氯化工艺路线与生产方法，测定了熔融本体氯化方法生产的氯化低分子聚乙烯性能。探讨了ＣＬＰＥ在高分子材料加工，纺织上浆等各个方面的应用。     

从煤矸石制取氯化铝联产橡胶填料的研究

在实验室小试、中试装置上进行了从煤矸石制取氯化铝联产橡胶填料的研究，考察了煤矸石性质、工艺条件等对产品质量的影响，结果发现最佳工艺参数为焙烧温度６００～ｑ００℃．焙烧时间为１５～９０ｍｉｎ．焙烧温度对产品质量影响更为显著，制得结晶氯化铝产品质量达到合格品标准，填料用作橡胶制品填充剂具有较好补强与抗曲性能，其胶片的物理机械性能达到普通橡胶板标准。     

Strength, durability and micro-structural aspects of high performance volcanic ash concrete

This paper presents the results of investigations to assess the suitability of using volcanic ash (VA) as a cement replacement material to produce high performance concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures replacing 0 to 20% by mass of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by VA. The performance of high performance volcanic ash concrete (HPVAC) mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. The mechanical properties were assessed by compressive strength, while durability characteristics were investigated by rapid chloride permeability (RCP), drying shrinkage (DS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness tests. HPVACs showed better durability properties compared to control concrete with 0% VA. The improved performance of HPVACs was attributed to the refinement of pore structure, and pozzolanic action of VA. HPVAC having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 60 MPa can be obtained by replacing up to 20% (by mass) of cement by VA. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly HPVAC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) is extremely helpful for the sustainable development and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石的制备及应用

采用离子交换法制备了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石,并用红外光谱分析对其进行了表征.通过HAAKE流变仪、颜色测定仪研究了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙锌热稳定剂并用时的热稳定性,重点考察了水滑石的结构对PVC稳定性能的影响.结果表明硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙皂/锌皂复配显著改善了PVC热老化过程中的初期着色性.     

偶联剂对地砖用PVC填充材料相态结构和力学性能的影响

研究了钛酸酯类偶联剂和硅烷类偶联剂对钙矿、硅酸盐填充的PVC填允材料力学性能、相态结构、密度、热失重率及吸水伸长率和耐热阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,偶联剂可改善填充PVC的抗冲性能,降低其拉伸强度,扫描电镜分析表明,填料越细,分散越均匀,越易被PVC树脂所包覆,力学性能越好,研究得到了比重大、热失重率低、吸水伸长率小、阻燃耐烧灼性好的高填充PVC硬质塑料地板砖。