曝气生物滤池去除SS以及水头损失增长的特性研究

通过中试考察了不同气水比下,上流式曝气生物滤池(BAF)去除悬浮物以及水头损失增长的特性.结果表明:随着气水比的增大,BAF对SS的去除效率降低,对SS的主要去除区域逐步向滤层上部推移,且反冲洗后滤层对SS去除能力的恢复减慢;BAF滤柱内的生物量随着气水比的增大而增加,随着滤层高度的增加而逐步减少,滤层高度为50 cm处的生物量高达12.50 ～21.52 mgVAS/g陶粒;BAF内水头损失的增加速率随着气水比的增大而减小,当气水比由2∶1增大为10∶1时,反冲洗周期内的终点水头损失由30.1 kPa减少为10.5 kPa.     

MBBR中HRT与pH对短程硝化反硝化的影响

为了开发经济高效的生物脱氮工艺,在MBBR中进行了短程硝化反硝化的研究,考察了HRT与pH对短程硝化反硝化的影响。结果表明,在短程硝化反硝化过程中,在室温、不控制溶解氧的条件下,NH_4~+-N与COD去除率随着HRT的延长而增大,出水NO_2~--N随着HRT的延长先增大后减少,当HRT为8h时出水NO_2~--N最高;当pH由5增加到10时,COD去除率的变化较小,NH_4~+-N去除率和出水NO_2~--N则随着pH的增大先增大后减小,pH在8~9时对NH_4~+-N的处理效果最好,出水NO_2~--N最高。     

Reactive Extrusion Strategies to Fabricate Magnetite–Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Magnetic Hyperthermia Properties

Biofouling is a major problem in water filtration units, which leads to premature system failure. Conventional treatment methods involving the use of chemicals or high‐pressure hydraulics exert mechanical strain on filter materials, leading to shortened service lifetimes. In this study, a novel magnetic polymer nanocomposite is fabricated using a blend of high density/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) fillers. The resulting magnetite–polyethylene nanocomposite (MPE‐NC) is mechanically robust and can be externally actuated with an alternating magnetic field to generate localized heating that is effective in eradicating bacterial biofilms. The MNPs are functionalized with silane‐based coupling agents and crosslinked onto the polyethylene backbone via a reactive extrusion approach, which results in a twofold enhancement in mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the magnetic hyperthermia performance of the MPE‐NC is improved eightfold by replacing undoped magnetite nanospheres with zinc‐doped magnetite nanocube fillers, and the magnetic hyperthermia treatment approach is shown to be 12 times more effective in destroying bacterial biofilms compared to a direct heat‐treatment method. During hyperthermia treatment, the mechanical integrity of the MPE‐NC is preserved, thereby validating the potential of the MPE‐NC as a new filter material with high efficiency in biofilm removal and extended durability.

     

金属表面混合微生物腐蚀及分析方法研究进展

微生物腐蚀研究一直都是金属腐蚀领域关注的热点,微生物种类的不同,对金属材料的腐蚀影响也不尽相同。实际环境中,微生物的复杂性导致单一微生物的腐蚀机理并不能完全解释实际的腐蚀现象,因此混合微生物体系研究成为微生物腐蚀领域新的研究方向。在基于单种微生物对金属的腐蚀行为及其腐蚀机理的研究基础上,综述了两种微生物的混合体系在金属表面对其腐蚀的影响。归纳总结了混合微生物的构成,重点综述了含有SRB、IOB和其他典型微生物的混合体系的作用过程,分析了混合体系中,不同微生物的相互作用(如协同、竞争作用等)对金属腐蚀影响。梳理了目前混合微生物体系研究的实验环境,并针对混合微生物体系在金属表面腐蚀微观的研究,介绍了几种技术,以期能更加直观地显示混合体系中微生物间的作用机制。最后对研究两种微生物混合体系下的金属腐蚀问题提出了建议和发展方向。     

海洋环境中假单胞菌对聚氨酯清漆涂层分解的影响

目的 研究在海洋环境中假单胞菌对聚氨酯清漆涂层分解作用的影响。方法 将聚氨酯清漆涂层样品分别浸泡于无菌海水与含假单胞菌的海水中,对浸泡环境不同的样品利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）评价涂层防腐性能,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）,观察对比涂层的表面形貌,并表征其分子结构变化。结果 1 h~35 d时,在无菌海水及假单胞菌海水中,样品Nyquist图的容抗弧直径以及Bode图的低频端阻抗模量均减小。与此同时,假单胞菌海水中浸泡样品的Nyquist图容抗弧直径与Bode图低频端阻抗模量的减小量明显大于无菌海水中的减小量。无菌海水浸泡的等效电路在1~48 h时为1个时间常数,5~35 d时增加为2个时间常数;假单胞菌海水浸泡的等效电路在1~48 h时只有1个时间常数,5~29 d时为2个时间常数,35 d时增加为3个时间常数。浸泡36 h时,无菌海水中浸泡样品的涂层电阻值为8.23× 107 Ω?cm2,而假单胞菌海水中样品的涂层电阻为5.14×107 Ω?cm2;至35 d时,无菌海水中样品的涂层电阻降为5.61×106 Ω?cm2,假单胞菌海水中样品的涂层电阻降至7.03×105 Ω?cm2。假单胞菌海水中样品的涂层电阻在36 h~35 d的减小量明显大于无菌海水中的减小量。由SEM结果可以观察到,浸泡30 d后,无菌海水中浸泡样品的表面光滑完整,而在含假单胞菌海水中的样品表面附着了大量细胞及其代谢产生的生物膜,并出现了大量微孔与粉化痕迹。通过FTIR结果可以发现,浸泡在假单胞菌海水中的样品的N—H和醚基中的C—O含量明显比无菌海水中浸泡的样品要低。结论 电化学结果表明,假单胞菌显著降低了涂层的腐蚀抗性,并导致了涂层的分解。SEM和FTIR的分析结果证明,假单胞菌通过破坏聚氨酯分子中的N—H和醚基中的C—O,造成了涂层的分解。     

污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺研究进展

近年来,生物脱氮除磷工艺取得了长足发展,出现了很多不同的处理工艺。这些新工艺在形式和流程上都优于传统工艺。文章在总结传统脱氮除磷工艺的基础上,介绍了近几年开发出的污水生物脱氮除磷新技术。随着生物脱氮除磷技术研究的进一步深入,高效、节能的生物膜与活性污泥组合的复合生物膜新工艺的将会成为脱氮除磷工艺的重要发展方向。     

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of procyanidins extracted from laurel wood against a selection of foodborne microorganisms

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of two procyanidins isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of laurel wood against a selection of foodborne pathogens. The analysis of the extract by HPLC–DAD/ESI–MS allowed us to detect the presence of two procyanidins, which were selectively isolated and identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic means as cinnamtannin B‐1 ( 1 ) and procyanidin B‐2 ( 2 ). Procyanidins 1 and 2 exhibited two biological activities: inhibition of bacterial growth at high concentrations and prevention of biofilm formation at lower concentrations. Synergistic effect was also detected when both compounds were tested in combination against Listeria monocytogenes. Significant effects were also detected on disruption of preformed biofilm. The ability of procyanidins to inhibit microbial growth and biofilm formation and to synergistically work with each other may stimulate a market as natural food preservatives, and/or natural sanitisers for processing equipment where foodborne pathogens reside.     

Inhibitory Activity of Paenibacillus polymyxa on the Biofilm Formation of Cronobacter spp. on Stainless Steel Surfaces

The objective of this study was to control the survival or biofilm formation of Cronobacter spp. on stainless steel surfaces using Paenibacillus polymyxa. The antibacterial activity of a cell‐free culture supernatant (CFCS) of P. polymyxa against Cronobacter spp. was found to vary with P. polymyxa incubation time. Maximum activity occurred when P. polymyxa was incubated at 25 or 30 °C for 96 h. When the CFCS was introduced to Cronobacter spp. adhered to stainless steel strips at 25 °C for up to 72 h, the CFCS successfully inhibited Cronobacter biofilm formation. Additionally, stainless steel surfaces with a preformed P. polymyxa biofilm were exposed to Cronobacter spp. suspensions in PBS or 0.1% peptone water at 3, 5, or 7 log CFU/mL to facilitate its attachment. The Cronobacter population significantly decreased on this surface, regardless of inoculum level or carrier, when the P. polymyxa biofilm was present. However, the microbial population decreased within 6 h and remained unchanged thereafter when the surface was immersed in an inoculum suspended in 0.1% peptone water at 5 or 7 log CFU/mL. These results indicate that P. polymyxa is able to use a promising candidate competitive‐exclusion microorganism to control Cronobacter spp.