三杆六脚体对桥墩周围流场影响的试验研究

为寻求保护桥墩周围河床避受冲刷的有效方式,采用物理模型试验的方法,对三杆六脚透水架体对桥墩周围流场水力特性的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明,三杆六脚透水架体不但能削减穿越其内部的水流流速,在床面附近形成流速减速区域,将墩周马蹄形旋涡和墩后尾流漩涡的作用能量有效地转移到远离床面的水体中,而且还能利用自身扰流消能和实体抗冲的双重特性有效抑制墩前向下水流对床面的冲击。     

Biodegradable Microparticles for Simultaneous Detection of Counterfeit and Deteriorated Edible Products

In an era of globalized trade relations where food and pharmaceutical products cross borders effortlessly, consumers face counterfeit and deteriorated products at elevated rates. This paper presents multifunctional, biodegradable hydrogel microparticles that can provide information on the authenticity and the potential deterioration of the tagged food or pharmaceutical formulations. These microparticles integrate spatially patterned authenticity code with two sensors—the first one detects possible presence of pathogenic microbes through monitoring pH while the second one identifies products stored above optimal temperatures via optical monitoring of the microparticle degradation. Particles are synthesized from a biocompatible polymer and a photoinitiator, dextran modified with 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate and riboflavin, respectively, using a continuous, high throughput method stop‐flow lithography. The proposed synthesis approach also enables crosslinking with visible light bringing about additional flexibility to flow lithography. Model liquid and solid food and pharmaceutical products are successfully labeled with microparticles and the functionality of the sensors in aqueous solutions is demonstrated.     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯)/聚碳酸亚丙酯复合支架的构建与表征

分别采用反应性和非反应性熔融共混方法结合粒子沥滤技术以及碱处理技术构建不同质量比的聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)/聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)复合支架,通过表征支架的表面形态、孔隙率大小和体外降解性能,发现反应性共混法可显著改善支架的相容性和界面粘接。非反应性熔融共混法构建的支架孔隙率高于反应性共混法构建的复合支架。随着PPC含量的升高,复合支架的孔隙率升高。当PHBV/PPC质量比达50/50时,支架在PBS缓冲液中降解最快,反应性共混法构建的支架亲水性高于非反应性共混法,碱处理技术可显著改善复合支架的亲水性。这对功能重建的体内研究和临床实践具有潜在的理论价值和应用前景。     

Noninvasive 3D vital imaging and characterization of notochordal cells of the intervertebral disc by femtosecond near-infrared two-photon laser scanning microscopy and spatial-volume rendering

The central region of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in infant humans is made and maintained by notochordal cells (NCs). These cells disappear during maturation to be replaced by mature chondrocyte-like cells. NCs are completely different morphologically from the mature chondrocyte-like IVD cells and have complex and essential functions but little is known about them. Recently, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) using near-infrared (NIR) femtosecond pulsed lasers has emerged as a promising noninvasive optical technique for observing unfixed living 3D biological specimens in situ and in vitro. Several lines of evidence suggest that compared with conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), femtosecond NIR laser-based TPLSM has any number of advantages including 3D resolution without a spatial filter (confocal pinhole), minimal photobleaching, and photodamage above and below the focal plane, and importantly, greater depth penetration. We have thus taken advantage of these unique features of femtosecond laser-based TPLSM for vital 3D imaging in conjunction with advanced spatial-volume rendering modalities to compare morphologies of NCs/clusters from pig caudal discs with chondrocyte-like IVD cells from bovine caudal discs, both in ex vivo tissue and when isolated and grown in vitro within 3D alginate scaffolds. Our results provide evidence that (a) ex vivo notochordal tissue consists of areas with NC clusters, and those dominated by tubular structures of low cell density (b) within 3D in vitro scaffolds the morphology of NC is heterogeneous and the cells contain distinct cytoplasmic vacuole-like structures occasionally including acidic subinclusions (c) a quantitative determination based on 3D spatial and volumetric-rendering reveals an average NC diameter of 22.05 microm (range 11.96-46.63 microm) and NC volume of 9701 microm(3) (2041-36427 microm(3)) whereas chondrocyte-like cells have a mean volume of 3279 microm(3) and diameter of 12.20 microm. Taken together, this study demonstrates that femtosecond TPLSM has unique advantages over other conventional histological and in particular LSCM for high resolution noninvasive vital characterization of notochordal and chondrocyte-like cells of IVD over extended depths beyond 300-500 microm.     

聚外消旋乳酸在TDI中的扩链研究

2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯在四氢呋喃中对外消旋乳酸直接熔融聚合的低分子量聚外消旋乳酸进行扩链,用(-M)η、FT-IR、1H-NMR、DSC、XRD等对扩链产物进行表征.SnCl2催化、NCO/OH为2时,66 ℃回流反应60 min,可得(-M)η为扩链前3.04倍的可溶性聚乳酸类生物降解材料.扩链产物中NH和苯环的引入使Tg、Tm和结晶度等相应提高.但时间过长、NCO/OH过大时,易生成可溶性差的交联副产物,较多副产物的混杂会导致Tg和熔融热的降低.     

柑橘皮渣 / 淀粉基可降解复合缓冲材料的制备及性能表征

在淀粉基材中添加不同含量的柑橘皮渣共混挤出,制备可降解复合缓冲包装材料,通过对半径膨胀率、表观密度、压缩强度、扫描电镜、吸湿率和红外光谱性能的分析,对比材料之间存在的结构差异,探索柑橘皮渣含量对复合材料性能的影响。研究表明:柑橘皮渣的添加降低了淀粉基复合材料的表观密度及压缩强度;柑橘皮渣质量分数为30%和50%的试样能较快达到吸湿平衡状态,且吸湿量低于纯淀粉材料;质量分数为30%的试样具有最大的半径膨胀率,并呈现最佳的泡孔状态。     

Ionic Colloidal Molding as a Biomimetic Scaffolding Strategy for Uniform Bone Tissue Regeneration

Inspired by the highly ordered nanostructure of bone, nanodopant composite biomaterials are gaining special attention for their ability to guide bone tissue regeneration through structural and biological cues. However, bone malformation in orthopedic surgery is a lingering issue, partly due to the high surface energy of traditional nanoparticles contributing to aggregation and inhomogeneity. Recently, carboxyl‐functionalized synthetic polymers have been shown to mimic the carboxyl‐rich surface motifs of non‐collagenous proteins in stabilizing hydroxyapatite and directing intrafibrillar mineralization in‐vitro. Based on this biomimetic approach, it is herein demonstrated that carboxyl functionalization of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) can achieve great material homogeneity in nanocomposites. This ionic colloidal molding method stabilizes hydroxyapatite precursors to confer even nanodopant packing, improving therapeutic outcomes in bone repair by remarkably improving mechanical properties of nanocomposites and optimizing controlled drug release, resulting in better cell in‐growth and osteogenic differentiation. Lastly, better controlled biomaterial degradation significantly improved osteointegration, translating to highly regular bone formation with minimal fibrous tissue and increased bone density in rabbit radial defect models. Ionic colloidal molding is a simple yet effective approach of achieving materials homogeneity and modulating crystal nucleation, serving as an excellent biomimetic scaffolding strategy to rebuild natural bone integrity.