Improving the rate performance of LiFePO4 by Fe-site doping

LiFePO₄ doped by bivalent cation in Fe-sites show improved rate performance and cyclic stability. Under 10 C rate at room temperature, the capacities of LiFe_0.9M_0.1PO₄ (M = Ni, Co, Mg) maintain at 81.7, 90.4 and 88.7 mAh/g, respectively, in comparison with 53.7 mAh/g for undoped LiFePO₄ and 54.8 mAh/g for carbon-coated LiFePO₄ (LiFePO₄/C). The capacity retention is 95% after 100 cycles for doped samples while this value is only 70% for LiFePO₄ and LiFePO₄/C. Such a significant improvement in electrochemical performance should be partially related to the enhanced electronic conductivities (from 2.2 × 10⁻⁹ to <2.5 × 10⁻⁷ S cm⁻¹) and probably the mobility of Li⁺ ions in the doped samples.     

Zr掺杂g-C3N4光催化降解有机污染物

以盐酸胍为前驱体，硝酸锆为锆源，通过热聚合法制备了Zr掺杂的Zr/g-C3N4光催化剂。运用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、PL、XPS、BET等手段对催化剂的结构、形貌、光学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明：Zr掺杂改性的Zr/g-C3N4光催化剂拓宽了可见光的吸收，增大了比表面积，且降低了光生电子-空穴的复合率，具有较好的光催化活性。可见光照射下，在60 min内，5Zr/g-C3N4对罗丹明B（RhB）的光催化降解率达99.29%，光催化降解过程符合一级动力学方程，其速率常数k= 0.08647 min-1，是纯g-C3N4的8.3倍。捕获剂实验发现降解RhB的主要活性物种为超氧自由基，并推测了可能的反应机理。     

The effects of Ni and Li doping on the performance of lithium manganese oxide material for lithium secondary batteries

Layered Li_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ (M=Li, Ni) was synthesized using a sol-gel method. P2-Na_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ precursor was first synthesized by a sol-gel method, and then O2-Li_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ was prepared by an ion exchange of Li for Na in P2-Na_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ precursor. From charge/discharge curves, it was seen that Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ has two plateaus similar to those observed from a spinel structure, but Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ holds a single plateau as observed from a typical layered structure. It was considered that Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ undergoes a phase transformation from layered to spinel structure during the charge/discharge cycle, but Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ maintains O2-layered structure after the cycles. Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ was higher in discharge capacity and retention rate than Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂.     

银掺杂对二氧化钛晶型转变的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银掺杂的TiO2粉末,用XRD分析了掺银TiO2胶体经不同温度热处理后的晶型转变。结果表明:与未掺银的TiO2粉末相比,掺银TiO2从锐钛矿相向金红石相转变的起始温度较高,而且锐钛矿-金红石相变的温区范围变窄,晶型转变过程较快。     

掺铜TiO^2光催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的研究

利用浸渍法制备了掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂，分别以乙酸降解和二氧化碳还原反应为探针，研究了催化剂的光催化氧化光催化还原性能．结果表明，铜掺杂能显著提高催化剂的光催化性能；结合光电子能谱、X光衍射分析等物理表征结果，对铜掺杂改性机制进行了讨论．     

Effects of oxidation on I2 doping of trans-polyacetylene as studied via e.s.r. and conductivity measurements

Oxidation of trans-polyacetylene lowers the activation energy for conduction from 16 kcal mol^?1 to 11 kcal mol^?1 for oxidation levels of (C₂H₂O_n)_x, n = 0.144, 0.207 and 0.550. Maximum conductivity levels for 0 < x < 0.144 doped with I₂ were almost identical. At long I₂ doping times all samples exhibited some loss of conductivity. E.s.r. experiments indicate that: (1) linewidth is directly proportional to oxygen content, and (2) iodine doping is not diffusion controlled. All data are consistent with a molecular picture of PAC consisting of highly reactive localized spin states that are selectively oxidized, and less reactive delocalized states that affect conductivity more strongly via doping.     

Preparation of V doped lanthanum silicate electrolyte ceramics by combustion method and study on conductance mechanism

Vanadium doped La_9.33Si_6−xV_xO_26+0.5x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) (LSVO) electrolyte powder was prepared by combustion method at 600°C for 5-7 min. The powder was sintered at 1500°C for 3 hours to prepare LSVO ceramics. XPS, IR, XRD, and EIS analysis show that V⁵⁺ doping replaces Si⁴⁺ in [SiO₄] to form [Si(V)O₄] tetrahedron. With the increase in x, the lattice volume increase. When x = 2.0, the LaVO₄ phase was formed, indicating that the limit doping amount of V⁵⁺ replacing Si⁴⁺ is x ≤ 1.5. The conductivity of LSVO increases significantly with the increase in x (x ≤ 1.0), which attributed to the defect reaction caused by V⁵⁺ doping. The addition of the interstitial oxygen Oi* in 6₃ channels and the increase of lattice volume leads to increased conductivity. When x = 1.0, the highest conductivity is 1.46 × 10⁻² S·cm⁻¹ (800°C). The doping enhancement conductivity mechanism is the Interstitial oxygen defect-Lattice volume composite enhancement mechanism.     

钕掺杂钛酸钡陶瓷材料的制备及电阻-温度依存性的研究

讨论了稀土元素钕(Nd)对钛酸钡陶瓷材料的微观结构和介电性能的影响,以BaCO3、Nd2O3和TiO2为原材料采用固相法贮备了掺杂钕的BaCO3、TiO2纳米粉体,并经高温烧结后得到(Ba1-xNdx)Ti1-x/4O3基片,并对其进行测试,研究了钕掺杂对钛酸钡陶瓷电阻-温度依存性.     

电化学沉积法制备稀土掺杂氧化钇荧光薄膜的发光性能

通过改变氧化钇薄膜中掺杂稀土元素的种类,来控制发光薄膜的荧光发射波长.利用电化学沉积法制备稀土掺杂氧化钇荧光薄膜.电化学沉积法制备的薄膜结晶效果好,掺杂离子分布较均匀,且不需要高温高压或者真空条件,成本很低.所制备的Y2O3:Ln荧光发光薄膜经XRD分析具有立方晶体结构;不同稀土掺杂的氧化钇呈现出不同的表面形貌;掺杂的Ln离子均匀地分布在薄膜中,经测试所有的Y2O3:Ln荧光发光薄膜都显示出较强的发射强度,且发光波长随着掺杂离子的不同而不同:Y2O3:Er3+发绿光,Y2O3:Ce3+发黄绿光,Y2 O3:Sm3+发蓝光,Y2O3:Pr3+发橙光.因此,电化学沉积法可用于制备具有不同发光波长的氧化钇荧光薄膜.     

陶瓷电容器的制备工艺概述

简介了新型陶瓷电容器的优点、功能、类型和发展现状及表面层陶瓷电容器、表面层型陶瓷电容器和晶界型陶瓷电容器的产生机理和区别，和影响陶瓷电容器性能的诸多因素，如显微结构、掺杂元素和包覆改性等；回顾了国内外陶瓷电容器的烧成工艺发展历史，如高温一次烧成、低温一次烧成、独石法和激光辐射法等；展望了陶瓷电容器在21世纪的研究和应用前景。