TiO_2纤维的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用常压乙二醇法制备出在可见光下具有较高催化活性的TiO2纤维。扫描电子显微镜表征结果表明,TiO2纤维直径为0.8～2.0μm、长度为5～25μm;BET比表面积和X射线衍射表征结果表明,随焙烧温度的升高,比表面积减小,TiO2纤维晶型逐渐由锐钛矿型向金红石型转变;紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析结果表明,TiO2纤维在可见光区有明显的吸收。在可见光下对甲基橙和苯酚的降解实验表明,焙烧温度为400℃时TiO2纤维的催化活性最好,对甲基橙和苯酚的降解率分别达到90.3%和84.0%;所制备的TiO2纤维比溶胶-凝胶法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2在可见光下具有更好的催化活性,原因是其能带间隙减小和吸收波长扩展到可见光区所致。     

In—situ Composite Based on Poly （ethylene terephthalate）,Polyamide and Polyethylene with Microfibres Formed through Extrusion and Hot Stretching

In-situ composites based on dispersed poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or polyamide (PA),and continuous Polyethylene (PE) were prepared through a single screw extruder of Haake rheometer system with a rod-die relatively small in diameter.The extrudate was drawn at a drawing ratio of 3.1,and then quickly cooled in cold water.The specimens were obtained by injection molding at processing temperatures less than 190℃，far below the melting temperature of PET (265℃) and PA (230℃),which can maintain the solid state of PET and PA microfiber phase in the composites.Morphological observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that PET and PA can more or less form in-situ microfibers at compositions studied (0-20 wt pct PET or PA),and especially,PET and PA were almost deformed into fibers at the concentration of 15wt pct.Eensile strength and especially.PET and PA were almost deformed into fibers at the concentration of 15wt pct.Tensile strength and modulus of the blends reinforced by PET or PA microfibers showed to be increased from the tensile test results.The most noticeable improvement of the tensile properties occurred at 15wt pct of PET in PET/PE system,corresponding to the highest microfiber content,where the tensile strength reached 32.5 MPa,whereas only 19.5 MPa for the pure PE.     

Photostability of polyetherurethaneureas

Polyetherurethaneureas (PEUUs) were synthesised from polyethylene-glycols (PEGs) of molecular weight 400, 600 and 1000, 4,4′-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and aliphatic diamine chain extenders, 1,3-propanediamine (PDA) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA). Polymer films were irradiated with 365 nm light at 293 K and the effects of polyether soft segment length and urea hard segment on photo-oxidative stability were studied by following the variation in weight-average molecular weight (M _w), gel formation and stress-strain properties. Changes in ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy were monitored on photo-oxidation and hydroperoxide content determined. The soft segment length was increased by increasing the molecular weight of PEG from 400 to 1000 and hard segment structure was changed by variation of diamine. It was noted that the structure of urea and polyether soft segment length plays an important role in photostability of PEUUs. PDA chain extended PEUUs were more stable than HDA chain extended PEUUs.     

环氧乙烷合成乙二醇的研究进展

介绍了环氧乙烷合成乙二醇的主要生产方法，包括以壳牌、联碳化学公司以及Halcon—SD公司为代表的环氧乙烷直接水合法，环氧乙烷催化水合法和碳酸乙烯酯法，后两种乙二醇生产方法是目前国内外研究开发的热点。催化剂体系是催化水合法工艺的关键，重点介绍了国内外各主要公司对催化剂体系的研究进展及使用效果；碳酸乙烯酯法分为乙二醇和碳酸二甲酯联产法以及碳酸乙烯酯水解法，详细介绍了国内外各主要公司对该技术的研究进展，包括工艺流程、催化剂体系等方面。将3种乙二醇生产方法进行技术经济比较，结果表明，催化水合法和碳酸乙烯酯法在原料消耗和能耗方面占优势。并对我国乙二醇生产工艺技术提出建议。     

高密度聚乙烯6300M和2480的耐环境应力开裂性能研究

研究了成型塑料管材的两种牌号的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)6300M和2480的耐环境应力开裂(ESCR)性能。研究中采用的测试方法为一般弯曲试片法、在管上取样的弯曲试片法和恒定压应变法-压缩环法。根据两种材料测试结果及与其他牌号HDPE测试数据比较,对他们的ESCR进行评价,并讨论和解释了HDPE结构参数,ESCR与韧性形变和脆性断裂之间的联系。     

新型聚氨酯固-固相变储能材料的组成与热性能的关系

利用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、广角X射线衍射仪研究了一种新型的以聚乙二醇为软段的聚氨酯相变储能材料。结果表明，当软段含量低于90％（质量分数，下同）时，即使温度高于聚乙二醇的熔点，此类材料仍不会熔化成液体，而表现出一种固-固相变行为。该聚氨酯储能材料相变焓较大，相变温度适中，且随着软段含量的减少，材料相变焓和相变温度呈递减趋势。其相变过程实质是聚氨酯软段聚乙二醇由结晶固态转变为无定形固态的过程。     

Biomimetic synthesis of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite in the presence of polyethylene glycol

Spherical nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) was synthesized successfully by a biomimetic method using Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and (NH₄)₃PO₄·3H₂O as reagents in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The crystalline phase, microstructure, chemical composition, and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that spherical nano-HA with diameter of 30–50 nm can be synthesized in the presence of a certain concentration (2–6%) of PEG. The crystallinity of HA powder synthesized in the presence of PEG was higher than that synthesized in the absence of PEG, but the crystallinity of HA reduced with increasing the concentration of PEG. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the solution revealed that PEG reduced the transfer rate of Ca²⁺ in the process of HA crystallization, indicating the interaction between PEG and HA. The possible mechanism of formation spherical nano-HA was discussed.     

Synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomers are employed extensively in pharmaceutical and biomedical arenas mainly due to their excellent physical and biological properties, including solubility in water and organic solvents, lack of toxicity, and absence of immunogenicity. PEO can be chemically modified and reacted with, or adsorbed onto, other molecules and surfaces. Sophisticated applications for PEO have increased the demand for PEO oligomers with tailored functionalities, and heterobifunctional PEOs are often needed. This review discusses the synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional PEO oligomers possessing amine, carboxylate, thiol, and maleimide functional groups.     

PE－AA辐射接枝共聚合的反应历程研究

研究了聚乙烯（ＰＥ）与丙烯酸（ＡＡ）、甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）的接枝共聚反应，探讨了接枝反应过程及特征：单体首先在ＰＥ表面接枝，然后进入内部进行本体接枝。研究表明：表面接枝为动力学控制，本体接技系扩散控制，单体在膜内的扩散与单体极性及聚合物的结晶度等有关     

正庚烷-甲苯-三甘醇三元体系液-液相平衡数据的测定与关联

利用气相色谱法测定了常压下２５℃、４０℃和５０℃时正庚烷－甲苯－三甘醇体系的液－液相平衡数据，采用峰面积归一化法定量，所得数据准确、可靠。用ＮＲＴＬ模型对所测数据进行了热力学关联，求出了相应的模型参数。用该模型对本三元体系进行了预测，结果令人满意。