Comparative Efficiency Of Three Systems (O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/TiO2) For The Oxidation Of Natural Organic Matter In Water

CATAZONE is a new process of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation in which water is ozonated in the presence of a solid catalyst composed of titanium dioxide. The efficiency of this O₃/TiO₂ system has been compared to the two well-known oxidant systems: ozone alone and ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide.

This comparison was undertaken on three models of natural organic compounds : an aquatic fulvic acid, a protein and a disaccharide. The first results showed the following order of relative efficiency: O₃/TiO₂ > O₃/H₂O₂ > O₃ as far as Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal was concerned.     

石墨粒度对低炭镁炭砖性能的影响

以电熔镁砂和4种粒度(≤0.149mm、 ≤0.074mm、≤0.044mm和≤0.01mm)的天然鳞片 石墨为主原料,在石墨含量为4%的条件下,研究了 石墨粒度对低炭镁炭砖的物理性能、抗氧化性和热震 稳定性的影响。结果表明:用细石墨取代较粗石墨 (粒度≤0.149mm)制成的镁炭砖,其物理性能、抗氧 化性和热震稳定性都有了明显的改善,且都以加入粒 度≤0.074mm石墨的效果最好。其原因是细石墨的 加入改善了镁炭砖的基质结构。石　墨     

城市居民污水处理自动控制系统

针对以三沟式氧化沟为核心的污水处理工艺的特点,采用由工控机(IPC)与可编程控制器(PLC)组成的自动控制系统,实现了对污水处理全过程的自动控制。本文首先讨论了文章中所采用的进化工艺,接着就自动控制系统的控制系统和软件设计进行了探讨。     

Effect of B4 C on Oxidation Resistance of Low-Carbon MgO-C Materials

B4C was added into the low-carbon MgO-C materials in order to improve the oxidation resistance. The results show adding 0. 3wt% B4C can get the best oxidation resistance and adding 0. 2 wt% B4C can get the highest hot modulus of rupture. Altogether, adding 0. 2wt% B,C into the low-carbon MgO-C materials can get better oxidation resistance and hot strength.     

Sol–gel alumina environmental barrier coatings for SiC grit

SiO₂ surface film is insufficient to protect SiC from the oxidation at widely varying partial pressures of oxygen, in particular in the presence of water vapor (e.g. in gas turbines) and also in other environments, e.g. during brazing for hard “tipping” of turbine blades. This work demonstrates that sol–gel alumina, coated on 0.5 mm coarse SiC grit, may form an acceptable, up to 10 μm thick “environmental barrier coating” EBC for some of these applications. The sol–gel has advantages over other methods (such as CVD) is the simplicity and low cost. We have used NH₄OH pre-treatment to hydroxylate surface of SiC prior to applying alumina coating. Such modified SiC/SiO₂ surface helped to deposit the positively charged alumina sol, and thus allowed to build thick coatings on the SiC grit. There is some indication that these coatings partially convert to mullite through reaction at the interface with the native silica on SiC. Oxidation resistance tests at 1200 °C were performed to show effectiveness of such coated SiC grit.     

Pyroelectric properties and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of R.F. magnetron-sputtering-derived PZT thin films deposited on various interlayers

PZT thin films and interlayers were fabricated by the radio frequency (r.f.) Magnetron-sputtering from the Pb_1.1Zr_0.53Ti_0.47O₃, PbO and TiO₂ target. As a result of the XPS depth profile analysis, we can confirm that the substrate temperature affects the oxidation condition of each element of interlayers and the PZT film. Compared to the PZT/Pt structure, the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of PZT thin films inserted by interlayers were measured to a relatively high value. In particular, the PZT/PbO structure had the highest pyroelectric properties (P = 189.4 μC/cm²K; F _D = 12.7×10⁻⁶ Pa^−1/2; F _V = 0.018 m²/C).     

Treatability of Alternative Fuel Oxygenates Using Advanced Oxidation, Air Stripping, and Carbon Adsorption

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline oxygenate that has become a significant threat to groundwater supplies across the United States. Due to its physiochemical properties it has proven difficult and costly to remove from contaminated sites. This study was conducted to determine whether the alternative oxygenates (AO)—diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyltert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and ethanol (EtOH)—present a more efficient and less costly option from a remediation standpoint. Air stripping, carbon adsorption, and ultraviolet/H2O2 and O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes were examined at pilot scale to develop design parameters from which technical and economic comparisons were made for each alternative oxygenate versus MTBE. The experimental results showed that the ether AOs—DIPE, TAME, and ETBE—were each more efficiently and more economically treated than MTBE. The alternative alcohol oxygenates—TBA and EtOH—were less efficiently and less economically treated by the processes studied. The paper details the effects of primary process parameters and properties of individual oxygenates on process efficiency.     

XPS study of the surface chemistry of L-CVD SnO2 thin films after oxidation

In this paper we present the results of XPS study of the surface chemistry of L-CVD SnO₂ thin films onto Si(100) before and after subsequent additional oxidation. Moreover, the ageing effect was also studied in order to check the influence of ambient oxidation. As-deposited L-CVD SnO₂ thin films exhibit evident nonstoichiometry with the relative concentration [O]/[Sn] equal to 1.29 ± 0.1. After in situ oxidation at high temperature (800 K) the relative concentration [O]/[Sn] increases to 1.95 ± 0.05 which corresponds to the almost stoichiometric SnO₂. Almost the same relative concentration [O]/[Sn] of L-CVD SnO₂ thin films has been obtained after long term exposure to air. The oxidation states of L-CVD SnO₂ thin films in both cases were confirmed by the shape analysis of corresponding XPS O1s and Sn3d_5/2 peaks using the decomposition procedure. For the as-deposited L-CVD SnO₂ thin films a mixture of SnO and SnO₂ was observed, while for the oxidized L-CVD SnO₂ thin films the domination of SnO₂ was determined.     

电池用变性淀粉的工艺研究

本文用交联、氧化二种化学方法加工玉米淀粉，制取了复合变性淀粉，并重点研究、筛选了反应体系中催化剂、淀粉浓度、交联剂、氧化剂、反应温度及碱量等工艺条件．     

The influence of Y ion implantation on the oxidation behaviour of ZrN coating

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of ion implantation on the oxidation resistance of ZrN coatings. Samples were prepared on AISI 304 stainless steel by cathodic arc deposition. They were submitted to Y implantation at 150 °C with various fluences using a metal vacuum vapour arc ion implanter. The oxidation behaviour of as-deposited and Y-implanted ZrN coatings was characterized by weight gain measurement. The oxidation resistance of the ZrN coating was reduced after it was implanted with yttrium at a low fluence but improved at higher fluence. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and glancing angle X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the valence states of the oxide scale and the phase composition of the oxidation layers. Yttrium implantation can greatly improve the oxidation resistance of the ZrN coating.