Adjuvant Immune Enhancement of Subunit Vaccine Encoding pSCPI of Streptococcus iniae in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) infections in recent years, some of them severe. C5a peptidase is an important virulent factor of S. iniae. In this study, the subunit vaccine containing the truncated part of C5a peptidase (pSCPI) was mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (AH), propolis adjuvant (PA), and Freund’s Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA). The immunogenicity of the pSCPI was detected by Western-blot in vitro. The relative percent survival (RPS), lysozyme activity, antibody titers, and the expression of the related immune genes were monitored in vivo to evaluate the immune effects of the three different adjuvants. The results showed that pSCPI exerted moderate immune protection (RPS = 46.43%), whereas each of the three adjuvants improved the immune protection of pSCPI. The immunoprotection of pSCPI + AH, pSCPI + PA, and pSCPI + FIA was characterized by RPS values of 67.86%, 75.00% and, 85.71%, respectively. Further, each of the three different adjuvanted pSCPIs stimulated higher levels of lysozyme activity and antibody titers than the unadjuvanted pSCPI and/or PBS buffer. In addition, pSCPI + FIA and pSCPI + PA induced expression of the related immune genes under investigation, which was substantially higher than the levels stimulated by PBS. pSCPI + AH significantly stimulated the induction of MHC II β, CD4-L2, and IFN-γ, while it induced slightly higher production of TNF-α and even led to a decrease in the levels of IL-1β, MHC I α, and CD8 α. Therefore, we conclude that compared with the other two adjuvants, FIA combined with pSCPI is a more promising candidate adjuvant against S. iniae in channel catfish.     

国产甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗的安全性及免疫原性

目的观察国产甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗的安全性及免疫原性。方法按照随机、对照、盲法的原则,0、21d程序选择老年组、少年组和少儿组各220人,按1︰1比例随机接种15μg、30μg甲型H1N1流感疫苗;成年组330人,按1︰1︰1比例随机接种15μg、30μg甲型H1N1流感疫苗和安慰剂对照(PBS);0、28d程序只选择成年组220人,按1︰1比例随机接种15μg、30μg甲型H1N1流感疫苗。观察各组接种后的总体不良反应率、全身和局部不良反应率以及免疫后HI抗体阳转率、保护率、GMT水平和平均增长倍数。结果1210名观察对象总体不良反应发生率为21.82%,均以1级不良反应为主,未观察到3级及3级以上不良反应、其他异常反应和严重不良事件。30μg剂量组免疫后HI抗体阳转率和保护率与15μg剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义。两接种程序同一剂量组内第1针免疫后HI抗体阳转率、保护率、免疫后GMT及增长倍数各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论国产甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性,按照0、21d程序各接种1针15μg甲型H1N1流感疫苗,即可在12～60岁人群中产生良好的免疫效果。     

流感疫苗血凝素含量测定替代方法的建立及验证

目的建立测定流感疫苗血凝素(Haemagglutinin,HA)含量的替代方法 ,并进行验证,以解决大流行流感发生初期疫苗原液中HA定量的难题。方法优化糖苷酶处理条件,将流感疫苗原液经糖苷酶处理后,以还原SDS-PAGE方法分离样品,以灰度扫描法确定HA蛋白百分比,结合样品总蛋白数值,计算样品中HA含量。以该方法和传统的单向免疫扩散(SRID)法分别测定7批流感疫苗原液中HA含量,并进行比较。结果优化的糖苷酶处理条件为:总蛋白400μg/ml,PNGaseF加入比例为1:50。样品经糖苷酶处理后,以还原SDS-PAGE法可以清晰区分各蛋白条带,经测序后确定HA两个亚基,与预期相对分子质量一致。该方法测定7批流感疫苗原液中HA含量的结果与SRID法测定结果的符合率在87.90%~122.20%之间。结论初步建立了测定流感疫苗中HA含量的替代方法 ,在WHO参考品供应不到位时,可用于大流感发生时疫苗原液中HA之定量。     

轮状病毒疫苗的研究进展

轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)是世界范围内引起婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体。RV疫苗的研制工作已取得了很大进展,但仍存在较大缺陷。目前投入使用的3种RV疫苗虽然能够对重症腹泻起到良好的保护作用,但却不能很好地预防RV感染,因此继续研制新的RV疫苗十分重要。本文对RV及RV疫苗的研究进展作一综述。     

Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗纯化工艺的建立

目的建立Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)纯化工艺。方法采用Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析两步纯化法纯化脊髓灰质炎病毒,进行各项检定后再经除菌过滤和灭活。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病毒纯化后的蛋白去除率均不低于98.81%,病毒滴度分别为8.75、8.50和8.63lgCCID50/ml,DNA残留量均<100pg/ml。除菌过滤和灭活后,D抗原含量略有下降。结论已建立了Sabin株IPV的纯化工艺,纯化后制备出了高纯度的Sabin株IPV。     

抗人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体在CHO细胞中的稳定表达及初步鉴定

目的在CHO细胞中稳定表达抗人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体,并对抗体活性进行初步鉴定。方法采用脂质体法将嵌合抗体真核表达质粒pOptiVEC-H和pcDNA3.3-L共转染CHO-DHFR-细胞,通过去除HT和在培养基中加入500μg/ml的Geneticine进行阳性克隆的筛选,有限稀释法对阳性克隆进行亚克隆,通过在培养基中加入浓度逐步增加的MTX提高克隆的抗体表达量。采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测嵌合抗体的抗原结合活性及人抗体重链Fc段、轻链κ链;提取细胞基因组进行PCR鉴定;抗体经超滤浓缩后,采用蛋白G亲和纯化法进行纯化,并进行Westernblot分析;体外连续培养细胞株2个月及冻存、复苏后,采用ELISA法检测抗体分泌的稳定性。结果获得稳定分泌嵌合抗体的细胞株1C1,ELISA检测抗体表达量为103ng/ml;PCR结果表明,表达的质粒已整合入细胞基因组中;FCM及Westernblot结果显示,嵌合抗体含有人抗体重链Fc段及轻链κ链,且保留了鼠抗体V区的抗原结合特异性;经蛋白G亲和纯化后,获得抗体220μg,纯度>97%;体外连续培养细胞株2个月及冻存、复苏后,抗体分泌保持稳定。结论获得了稳定表达人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体的CHO细胞株,其具有鼠源抗体的抗原结合特异性及人抗体的恒定区。     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌基因工程疫苗在SD大鼠中的免疫原性

目的观察产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)基因工程疫苗在SD大鼠中的免疫原性。方法将含ETEC抗原成分热不稳定肠毒素B亚单位(Heat-labile enterotoxin Bsubunit,LTB)的双歧杆菌疫苗给SD大鼠灌胃4次,同时设对照组,以PBS平行灌胃。采用ELISA法检测大鼠粪便上清液IgA及血清IgG抗体水平;免疫组化法检测大鼠空肠中sIgA抗体的表达;肠绊试验检测肠毒素的活性。结果免疫疫苗的SD大鼠粪便上清液中产生了IgA抗体,血清中产生了特异性的IgG抗体,肠道内产生了特异性分泌型sIgA抗体;免疫组化结果显示,随着免疫次数的增加,抗体分泌量明显增加;双歧杆菌疫苗免疫的大鼠能够抵抗LT抗原的侵袭,而对照组大鼠则出现明显的肠道积液现象。结论构建的双歧杆菌疫苗具有良好的免疫效果,可保护SD大鼠免受ETEC的感染。     

Stability of a soybean seed‐derived vaccine antigen following long‐term storage,processing and transport in the absence of a cold chain

BACKGROUND: Soybean seeds are rich in natural protein and are favorable environments for targeted protein expression. Soybeans represent an ideal platform for the production of novel vaccines that, in theory, do not require a cold chain. This study investigated the stability of a soybean‐derived antigen following long‐term storage, formulation, and shipment overseas in the absence of refrigeration. RESULTS: Transgenic seeds can be stored for more than 4 years at ambient temperature with no detectable loss of FanC antigen stability. Conventional processing methods utilizing heat, mechanical extraction and solvent extraction resulted in practical formulations that could be lyophilized, stored as dried milk powder and rehydrated in water without loss of FanC antigen stability. Overseas shipment of transgenic seed powder and soymilk formulations in the absence of a cold chain had no adverse effects on formulations or the FanC antigen. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of long‐term storage, processing and shipment of transgenic soy products in the absence of a cold chain was demonstrated. Soybeans represent a practical platform for development of novel vaccines to potentially address the worldwide need for vaccines that are cost‐effective, easy to formulate and can be manufactured, stored and transported without refrigeration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles containing DNA molecules encoding a malaria vaccine candidate

BACKGROUND: A novel ultrasonic atomization approach for the formulation of biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles of a malaria DNA vaccine is presented. A 40 kHz ultrasonic atomization device was used to create the microparticles from a feedstock containing 5 volumes of 0.5% w/v PLGA in acetone and 1 volume of condensed DNA which was fed at a flow rate of 18 ml h^?1. The plasmid DNA vectors encoding a malaria protein were condensed with a cationic polymer before atomization. RESULTS: High levels of gene expression in vitro were observed in COS‐7 cells transfected with condensed DNA at a nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio of 10. At this N/P ratio, the condensed DNA exhibited a monodispersed nanoparticle size (Z‐average diameter of 60.8 nm) and a highly positive zeta potential of 38.8 mV. The microparticle formulations of malaria DNA vaccine were quality assessed and it was shown that the microparticles displayed high encapsulation efficiencies between 82–96% and a narrow size distribution in the range of 0.8–1.9 µm. In vitro release profile revealed that approximately 82% of the DNA was released within 30 days via a predominantly diffusion controlled mass transfer system. CONCLUSIONS: This ultrasonic atomization technique showed excellent particle size reproducibility and displayed potential as an industrially viable approach for the formulation of controlled release particles. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Automating procedures for processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cell-mediated immune responses have been found to play a crucial role in the protection from, or amelioration of, many human diseases. There are many vaccine trials being conducted where the most important immune assessment consists of measuring T cell responses. The most readily accessible source of T cells is the peripheral blood. Thus, collection, processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are all key steps for assessment of vaccine and disease-induced immune responses. Automation of these procedures is not currently practiced widely. This article reviews current practices and explores the need for automation.