Context-Processing Deficits in Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

Research suggests that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a part of the spectrum of schizophrenia-related illnesses. This article hypothesizes that a deficit in the representation and maintenance of context is a core cognitive disturbance in schizophrenia and that SPD individuals should demonstrate context-processing deficits. To test this hypothesis, the authors administered 3 versions of their AX-CPT task, designed to assess context processing, to 35 healthy controls and 26 individuals with DSM-IV SPD. They also administered working memory and selective attention tasks. SPD individuals displayed context representation deficits similar to those found in schizophrenia but did not show the same additional deficits in context maintenance. Context processing was strongly associated with working memory and selective attention performance in the SPD individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

芝麻营养原液的开发与研究

本文对芝麻营养保健成分的提取进行了系统的研究。确定了芝麻营养原液的制取工艺。为充分发挥芝麻的营养保健作用开辟了新的途径。     

New Reaction Engineering Concepts for Selective Oxidation Reactions

In order to enhance product yields in selective oxidation reactions, numerous reaction engineering concepts are being studied worldwide. Periodic operation has been investigated for decades, yet its application is limited to a few examples, such as the butane oxidation after DuPont or reverse-flow reactors for VOC removal. The use of microchannel reactors is a younger field, but it has already yielded promising results for process optimization. Catalytic wall reactors have proved to be a helpful tool for kinetic studies. On the laboratory scale, membrane reactors have displayed favorable behavior in selective oxidation. The Na vapor-catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde is a final example of an unusual new concept for selective oxidation.     

Effects of hydrolysis on the physical properties of short glass-fibre reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The mechanical fracture strength and toughness of short-fibre composites, injection moulded from compounds of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containing 10 and 30% (by weight) (w/o) glass, have been investigated and the dependence upon matrix hydrolytic stability determined. Mouldings have been characterised by several physical techniques to evaluate molecular weight, degradation rates, crystallinity and morphology, whilst time-dependent gravimetric data were derived to quantify sorption kinetics and allow comparisons with theoretical reaction rates to be made. During melt processing, PET is hydrolysed extremely rapidly by traces of moisture (<0.02w/o). yet the inherent strength of moulded composites declines significantly only below an apparently critical molecular weight. However, on long-term humid ageing in hot water, impact behaviour especially is rendered more complex by simultaneous crystallisation, molecular reorder and losses of interfacial bond strength.     

甘三酯立体专一分析的研究：（Ⅱ）甘三酯立体专一分析方法初探

在第一部分综合讨论的基础上对甘三酯立体专一分析方法作了初步探讨。以液体油(菜油)及固体脂(猪脂)为基质,系统地研究了这一分析方法,取得了经验并补充了一些具体验证方法。分析液体油的结果与文献数据相一致,分析猪脂的结果欠佳,还存在一些问题需待进一步研究。     

助剂对Pd/树脂醚化催化剂催化性能的影响 Ⅰ.铝助剂的影响

研究了不同助剂对Ｐｄ／树脂醚化催化剂在临氢条件下对催化裂化汽油Ｃ５馏份与甲醇和Ｈ２反应的催化性能的影响。结果表明，在Ｐｄ／树脂醚化催化剂中引入Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｂ、Ｓｎ和Ａｌ等助剂后，都能改善催化剂的醚化、双键异构和二烯烃选择性加氢活性，其中以Ａｌ、Ｓｎ为最好。Ａｌ助剂的体积质量和负载方式对Ｐｄ－Ａｌ／树脂醚化催化剂的活性有影响。ＢＥＴ方法和Ｘ－射线荧光光谱分析（ＸＦＳＡ）表明，Ａｌ助剂对Ｐｄ－Ａｌ／树脂醚化催化剂的表面积、孔结构和Ｐｄ离子交换量影响较小。     

Reaction steady states and stationary states in modelling semi-batch enzyme hydrolysis

Dimensionless material balance equations describing an uninhibited enzyme hydrolysis process in a semi-batch reactor (i.e. fed-batch reactor) are formulated; numerical solution of these equations provided concentration profiles of the enzyme-substrate complex by using published kinetic parameters. The unrestricted values obtained are compared with estimates based separately on the reaction steady state and stationary state assumptions. Results are discussed in terms of the enzyme/substrate inventory used and it is found that the reaction steady state is a satisfactory approximation only when this ratio is sufficiently small. The stationary state may be a better approximation at other values, particularly when enzyme is added to substrate or when an empty tank is being filled. Reaction yields from semi-batch and batch operations are compared. Processing takes longer in the semi-batch operations and complete conversions are only practical in this mode when enzyme is added to substrate.     

乙炔在磁稳定床中的选择性加氢研究

 制备了一种磁性Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用磁稳定床考察了活性组分负载量、反应条件及CO浓度对乙炔加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明，当反应温度80℃、反应压力1.5MPa、空速9000h－1、磁场强度（H）25kA/m时，乙炔转化率为100％，乙烯选择性可达81％，具有优良的乙炔加氢活性和乙烯选择性，优于相同反应条件下的进口催化剂；250h稳定性实验结果表明，磁性Pd/Al2O3催化剂具有良好的初活性和乙烯选择性，催化剂性能稳定。     

Big-Fish--Little-Pond effect on academic self-concept: A cross-cultural (26-country) test of the negative effects of academically selective schools.

Academically selective schools are intended to affect academic self-concept positively, but theoretical and empirical research demonstrates that the effects are negative. The big-fish--little-pond effect (BFLPE), an application of social comparison theory to educational settings, posits that a student will have a lower academic self-concept in an academically selective school than in a nonselective school. This study, the largest cross-cultural study of the BFLPE ever undertaken, tested theoretical predictions for nationally representative samples of approximately 4,000 15-year-olds from each of 26 countries (N=103,558) who completed the same self-concept instrument and achievement tests. Consistent with the BFLPE, the effects of school-average achievement were negative in all 26 countries (M beta=-.20, SD=.08), demonstrating the BFLPE's cross-cultural generalizability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identification and modelling of aerobic hydrolysis – application of optimal experimental design

Hydrolysis mechanism plays a dominant role in the delicate balance of electron donor/electron acceptor ratios in BNR and EBPR systems as an important carbon source. In this study, the surface‐saturation‐type hydrolysis kinetics was investigated based on respirometric measurements, within the context of the theoretical and the practical identifiability of mathematical models. The identifiable parameters of a selected model were derived from respirograms. In addition, the information from the experiments was evaluated on the basis of Optimal Experimental Design (OED) methodology for different initial conditions of the batch respirometric experiment. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry