Determination of chlorophyll synthetase activity in green tobacco leaves using exogenous Zn-chlorophyllide a

We have developed a method for studying chlorophyll synthetase activity in green leaves without using a radioactive label. As the reaction substrate, we used Zn-chlorophyllide a, which after introduction into green tobacco leaves is converted to Zn-chlorophyll a. The Zn-chlorophyll a was identified chromatographically, using a method based on the spectral differences between Zn-chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a, and also their different resistance to acid treatment. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 94–97, January–February, 2006.     

近红外光谱技术结合教与学算法优化极限学习机实现烤烟等级判定

该研究基于近红外光谱（NIRs）技术,以2016～2018年来自13个省份的937个烟叶样本为研究对象,比较了竞争性自适应重加权采样方法（CARS）、蒙特卡洛无信息变量消除法（MC－UVE）以及随机青蛙算法（RF）3种变量筛选方法的极限学习机（ELM）模型效果,与常规判别方法偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS－DA）比较,验证了ELM模型的优势。并通过教与学优化（TLBO）算法对ELM模型进行优化,建立烤烟样本的等级判定模型。结果表明,验证集的分类正确率达到90.16%,测试集的外部验证表现良好,TLBO－ELM模型收敛速度快,泛化能力强,可应用于烤烟等级判定。近红外光谱技术结合教与学算法优化极限学习机为智能化实现烟叶等级判定提供了一种新方法。     

Urinary volatomic profile of traditional tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users as a strategy to unveil potential health issues

Many harmful and potentially harmful constituents are present in tobacco products. Cigarette smoke is known to cause different forms of cancer and trigger the development of chronic diseases. In the last decade, electronic cigarettes have emerged as a healthier alternative associated to less harmful effects in comparison to traditional tobacco. However, the lack of standardization of electronic cigarettes products makes it difficult to establish and compare the real effects on health of products from different manufacturers. To better understand the impact of smoking and vaping, the volatomic composition of urine samples from traditional tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette users was established and compared with nonsmokers (control group), using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 45 urinary volatile organic metabolites belonging to different chemical families were identified in the urine of the studied groups. Benzene derivatives, terpenes, and aromatics were the chemical families that contributed the most to the urinary profile of smokers. The vapers urinary volatomic pattern was also dominated by terpenes and aromatics, in addition to alcohols. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of the data obtained indicated that the urinary profile of vapers is more closely related to the control group, reinforcing the hypothesis of the lowest harmfulness of electronic cigarettes. Further studies recruiting a higher number of subjects are therefore necessary to consolidate the data obtained.     

Pyrene-stacked nanostructures constructed in the recombinant tobacco mosaic virus rod scaffold

The effect of pyrenes introduced into a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein monomer on the formation and stability of the TMV assembly was investigated. The possible arrangement of the pyrenes in the inner cavity of the TMV rod was also estimated. The pyrene derivative was introduced to four specific amino acids in the cavity of the TMV rod structure. Rod-structure formation was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two pyrene-attached mutants (positions 99 and 100) assembled to increase the length of the rod structures by 2.5 microm at pH 5.5. The interaction of the pyrene moieties in the TMV cavity was investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic analysis. Strong excimer emission with significantly short wavelength (465 nm) was observed from the two mutants mentioned above. Excitation and UV-visible spectra indicate that the pyrene moieties form pi-stacked structures in the TMV cavity. Details of the pyrene interaction were investigated by analyzing the fluorescence lifetime of the excimer. Results suggest that the pyrenes formed preassociated rigid structures with partially overlapped geometry in the restricted space of the TMV cavity. The pyrenes effectively stabilize the TMV rod through a pi-stacking interaction in a well-ordered way, and the single pyrene moiety introduced into the monomer affects the overall formation of the TMV rod structure.     

粒子群算法结合支持向量机回归法用于近红外光谱建模

研究了最小二乘法支持向量机(LSSVM)应用于烟丝样品和小麦样品的近红外光谱建模,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化LSSVM的参数。通过对烟草样品和小麦样品的近红外光谱建模和预测,并与常规的偏最小二乘法(PLS)比较发现,PSO-LSSVM法具有更好的预测效果和稳健性。     

应用近红外光谱技术分析烟丝总糖和还原糖的研究

应用傅立叶变换近红外漫反射光谱仪,对同一品牌通过选择不同批号代表性好的卷烟烟丝样品,建立了卷烟烟丝总糖和还原糖的近红外定量分析数学模型,并对不同批号的分析样品进行检验,近红外预测值的平均相对误差为1.01%和0.77%,接近实测值,说明近红外光谱分析技术可用于卷烟烟丝生产质量指标的检测.     

Electrochemical studies of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene as substrate for voltammetric enzyme immunoassay

Immunoassay is one of the biochemical analytical techniques using the specific antigen antibody com-plexation for analytical purposes. It has extensive ap-plication in clinical diagnostics, prevention and cure of diseases, and virus diagnostics. The presentation and progress of immunoassay methodology are one of the greatest achievements of bioanalytical chemistry. It is estimated that several-hundred millions of immuno-analytical determinations are carried out every year all over the world. E…     

Evaluation of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of nicotine and selected minor alkaloids from tobacco

Summary Difficulties encountered in the gas or liquid chromatographic analysis of nicotine and other alkaloids in tobacco are largely due to the ionic character of these compounds. The potential of using capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an alternative analytical tool to eliminate these problems was evaluated. Parameters including electroosmotic flow, ionic forms of the analytes, buffer composition and applied voltage were studied using nicotine as a model compound. Ionic forms and electrophoretic mobility, as well as UV absorbance, of nicotine were controlled by varying the pH of an aqueous buffer solution. Thus the separation was optimized based on the characters of alkaloids and the nature of capillary electrophoresis. For tobacco samples in which nicotine accounts for more than 98% of the total alkaloid content, a quick method for the determination of nicotine in an aqueous tobacco extract within 100 seconds can be achieved.     

计算机在烟草行业企业管理中的应用

烟草行业是国家利税大户，在国民经济中占有重要地位。随着国内卷烟市场的日趋饱和和国际市场的激烈竞争．提高生产水平和管理水平是振兴烟草经济的唯一出路。本文分析了烟草行业应用计算机的有关方面和情况     

大口径毛细管柱气相色谱测定烟草中6种拟除虫菊脂农药残留量

报道了用大口径毛细管柱气相色谱同时测定烟草中甲氰菊脂、三氟氯菊脂、氯菊脂、氯氰菊脂、氰戊菊脂、溴氰菊酯6种拟除虫菊脂农药残留量的方法。样品农药残留经丙酮提取,凝结液除杂,石油醚萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,OV-101大口径毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器（ECD）检测。本法的检出限为 0.001-0.005mg/kg。6种农药标准加入回收率为85.5%-102.0%,相对标准偏差4.6%-17.5%.