不同月经周期乳腺增生的超声图像分析

本文对不同月经周期乳腺增生的超声图像特征进行了分析。研究对象为选取2017年6月~2019年6月本院乳腺增生患者102例,所有患者均于不同月经周期(月经期、增殖期、分泌期)给予彩色多普勒超声检查,并检测性激素[雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)],分析不同月经周期乳腺增生的超声图像特征。结果显示,102例乳腺增生患者中,彩色多普勒超声诊断符合98例,符合率为96.08%,与病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);乳腺增生患者增殖期乳腺腺体层厚度、导管宽度、乳房胀痛率、E2水平均明显高于月经期、分泌期,增殖期P水平明显低于分泌期但明显高于月经期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),分泌期乳腺腺体层厚度、导管宽度、乳房胀痛率、E2水平均高于月经期,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本文证实了彩色多普勒超声对乳腺增生具有良好的诊断价值,且不同月经周期乳腺增生的超声图像特征存在差异,可有效评价患者月经周期与性激素、增生性病变的关系。     

Polyoxometalate-Based Nanomaterials Toward Efficient Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

As an emerging class of inorganic metal oxides, organically functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) or POM-based nanohybrids have been demonstrated promising potential for the inhibition of various cancer types by the virtue of their diversity in structures and significantly reduced toxicity. This contribution summarizes the latest achievement of POM-based nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and various therapeutics to put forward our fundamental viewpoints on the design principles of modified POMs based on their application. In addition, major challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed. We expect that this review will provide a valuable and systematic reference for the further development of POM-based nanomaterials.     

拉曼光谱在医学上的应用（Ⅰ）

本文叙述了最近拉曼光谱在生物医学应用上的技术进步，总结了拉曼光谱在生物医学上的应用，以及它在诊断和临床应用中的作用     

从一个例子看统计分析在辅助医学诊断中的有用之处

从讨论影响脂肪肝的主要因素排序出发,应用简明统计分析,给出了辅助医学诊断中用于判断患者患脂肪肝的可能性,由此,对于可能性为零的情形可以排除进一步的生化检查,也就不会发生相应的感染.     

拉曼光谱在癌症诊断中的应用

在各种疾病中癌症的死亡率居第二位。另一方面只要能早期发现和诊断,几乎所有癌症都能治疗。本文介绍拉曼光谱在癌症诊断和抗癌药物筛选中的应用,结果表明拉曼光谱可能识别恶性变化的标记物,在癌症的早期诊断中是一项有用的技术。     

Nanosecond Time-Gated Spectroscopy of Laser-Ablation Plume of Human Hair to Detect Calcium for Potential Diagnoses

We demonstrate the nanosecond time-gated spectroscopy of plume luminescence in UV laser ablation of human hair. Clear and sharp peaks of calcium ion (Ca⁺) appear in the spectrum although the Ca content is only 0.1% in human hair. Highly sensitive detection of Ca is thus possible. In the experiment, the peak intensity of Ca⁺ was measured for human hair samples of female subjects over a wide range of age, and compared to the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae of the subjects themselves. Our experimental results suggest that this specific spectroscopy has the potential for novel diagnoses including monitoring of daily Ca intake and a screening diagnosis of osteoporosis. The spectroscopic system and time transition of plume-luminescence spectra are also described.     

建立模糊诊断矩阵的一种新方法

本文首先提出了一个新的模糊逻辑算子——模糊加权综合算子“#”,进而给出建立模糊诊断矩阵的新方法——网络法 ,并给出了相应的算法     

流产后宫内胎物组织残留的超声诊断

回顾性分析了４６例临床被证实为宫内胎物组织残留的病例。结果表明，流产后较长时间有不规则阴道流血，而作Ｂ超检查能发现特征性改变。声像图显示，子宫增大，宫内有异常光团和不规则液性暗区或宫腔局部膨隆，周边见很亮光条。认为诊断宫内残留组织，可以结合病只与声像技术较易诊断出来。本组超声诊断符合率达９８％。对减少因宫内残留造成的子宫收缩不良、不规则阴道流血等现象，避免并发感染及导致绒癌发生等不良后果，有重要的     

A Small-Molecule Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Dye for in vivo NIR-IIa Fluorescence Bioimaging

Organic small-molecule fluorophores with near-infrared IIa (NIR-IIa) emission have great potential in pre-clinical detection and inoperative imaging due to the high-spatial resolution and deep penetration. However, developments of the NIR-IIa fluorophores are still facing considerable challenges. In this work, a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based fluorophores were designed and synthesized. Subsequently, nanomaterial T25@F127 with significant NIR-IIa emission properties was rationally prepared by encapsulating DPP-based fluorophore T25 , and was selected for fluorescence angiography and cerebral vascular microscopic imaging with nearly 800 μm penetrating depth and excellent signal-background ratio of 4.07 and 2.26 (at 250 and 400 μm), respectively. Furthermore, the nanomaterial T25@cRGD with tumor targeting ability can image tiny metastatic tumor on intestine with a small size of 0.3 mm×1.0 mm and high-spatial resolution (SBR=3.84). This study demonstrates that the nanomaterials which encapsulated T25 behave as excellent NIR-IIa fluorescence imaging agents and have a great potential for in vivo biological application.     

Mechanism of interaction of pressure waves at a discrete partial blockage

This paper analyses the mechanism of interaction between an incident pressure wave and blockages of different geometrical characteristics (i.e., a butterfly and a ball valves, two short stretches of pipe with a reduced diameter, and a device simulating a longitudinal body blockage) by means of laboratory and numerical tests. Experiments have shown that the mechanism of interaction with pressure waves is influenced by their path through the device: sinuous because of the device body for partially closed in-line valves (type I mechanism), and straight for the small bore pipe devices (type II mechanism). Type I mechanism is characterized by a rise followed by an almost constant value whereas in type II one a drop occurs after the rise. To complete the investigation the effect of the pre-transient condition is discussed.