Binary mixed micelles of chiral sodium undecenyl leucinate and achiral sodium undecenyl sulfate: I. Characterization and application as pseudostationary phases in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Sodium 10-undecenyl sulfate (SUS), sodium 10-undecenyl leucinate (SUL) and their five different mixed micelles at varied percent mole ratios were prepared. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), C₂₀, γ_CMC, partial specific volume, methylene group selectivity, mobilities and elution window were determined using a variety of analytical techniques. These surfactant systems were then evaluated as novel pseudostationary phases in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). As a commonly used pseudostationary phase in MEKC, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was also evaluated. The CMC values of SUS and SUL were found to be 26 and 16 mM, respectively, whereas the CMC of mixed surfactants was found to be very similar to that of SUL. The C₂₀ values decreased dramatically as the concentration of SUL is increased in the mixed micelle. An increase in SUL content gradually increased the methylene group selectivity making the binary mixed surfactants more hydrophobic. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) and free energy of transfer studies were also applied to predict the selectivity differences between the surfactant systems. The cohesiveness and the hydrogen bond acidic character of the surfactant systems were found to have the most significant influence on selectivity and MEKC retention. The SUS and SDS showed the strongest while SUL showed the weakest hydrogen bond donating capacity. The basicity, interaction with n and π-electrons of the solute and dipolarity/polarizability were the least significant factors in LSER model for the surfactant systems studied. Free energies of transfer of selected functional groups in each surfactant systems were also calculated and found to be in good agreement with the LSER data.     

盐酸克伦特罗在乙炔黑电极上的电化学行为及其分析测定研究

研究了盐酸克伦特罗(CLB)在乙炔黑电极上的电化学行为,发现阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)能显著提高CLB的氧化峰电流并降低其氧化过电位。优化了实验参数,建立了一种直接测定CLB的新电分析方法,其线性范围为1.0×10-7~7.5×10-5mol/L,开路富集1 min后的检出限为2.5×10-8mol/L。平行10次测定1.0×10-5mol/L盐酸克伦特的RSD为3.1%。方法用于猪尿中盐酸克伦特罗含量的测定。     

Facile synthesis of SERS active Ag nanoparticles in the presence of tri-n-octylphosphine sulfide

A facile and novel way was reported here for the synthesis of hydrophobic Ag nanoparticles (NPs), using AgNO₃, tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) and sulfur (S) powder in process. TOP was used as solvent, reducing agent and stabilizer. S could chelate with excessive TOP to form trioctylphosphine sulfide (TOPS), which served as second capping agent. The hydrophobic Ag NPs could be transformed into hydrophilic state through ligand exchange. Furthermore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) were obtained on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic Ag NPs modified substrates, indicating that the as-synthesized Ag NPs had great potential for high sensitive optical detection applications.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of SnTe films

In this paper, we reported a novel, simple, and cost-effective route to SnTe films. The films were prepared by a chemical bath method, at room temperature and ambient pressure, using conventional chemicals as starting materials with or without surfactant. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The SnTe film deposited without surfactant consists of nanoparticles (∼100 nm). The film deposited using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as the surfactant consists of nanoparticles with size of ∼25 nm, whereas the film deposited using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the surfactant consists of rough rod-like nanostructures (∼50 in diameter and ∼500 nm in length), besides nanoparticles (∼40-180 nm). The SnTe film deposited with PEG is smoother and denser. The formation mechanism of the SnTe films was proposed.     

Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of dynamic interfacial tension due to soluble amphiphilic surfactant

An amphiphilic Lattice-Boltzmann approach is adopted to model dynamic interfacial tension due to non-ionic surfactant. In the current system, the surfactant adsorption kinetics is diffusion dominated and the interface separates two immiscible fluids. A rotational relaxation time and a diffusive/viscous relaxation time are associated with the surfactant. The model results are compared with experimental data for the dynamic interfacial tension of a pendant oil droplet in water, with oil soluble surfactant. We demonstrate how to adapt and calibrate the model to capture the adsorption timescale of the surfactant and the magnitude of interfacial tension reduction due to surfactant. A scheme to overcome numerical instabilities due to the relatively low surfactant concentration, is devised. We are able to qualitatively match the Frumkin equation of state for the interfacial tension.     

Progress in liquid crystalline dispersions: Cubosomes

Dispersed particles of bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase, cubosomes, are self-assembled nanostructured particles that can be formed in aqueous lipid and surfactant systems. Contributions to cubosome research have come from the fields of biology, material science, medicine, and mathematics and much is known about their formation and properties. At the center of much of the discovery and innovation is the technique of cryo-transmission electron microscopy. Most of the research into cubosomes is motivated by potential applications in drug delivery and material synthesis although no commercialized product based on cubosomes is known. Recent advances in understanding and use of cubosomes are discussed in the context of some of the more promising application areas and the opportunities for microscopy techniques to make unique contributions to these areas.     

A look at surfactant partitioning in polymeric latexes using conductivity measurements

An attempt was made to analyse the partitioning of anionic surfactants in a mixed surfactant system using surface tension and conductivity measures. This last technique gives us access to the quantity of free ions in solution, and thus a measure of the amount of anionic surfactant available in the aqueous phase. The range of surfactant concentrations studied here is such that the global surface coverage (assuming that the totality of the emulsifier is at the particle surface) varies around 100%.     

钴(Ⅲ)-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚络合物的胶束薄层色谱行为研究

本文研究了钴(Ⅲ)-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)络合物的胶束薄层色谱行为,探讨了该络合物的胶束色谱分离机理。以聚酰胺薄片为固定相,6.4％SDS:10％Triton X-100:HAc-NaAc(2.5∶4∶1.5)体系为展开剂,建立了选择性好、灵敏度高的钴的胶束薄层色谱扫描测定法,测定波长为450nm。标准曲线的线性范围为7.5～75纳克/斑点,最小检出量为2.5ng/斑点。方法用于Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)等八种金属离子混合液及维生素B~(12)针剂中钴的测定,结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收分析中表面活性剂的增感和抑制干扰作用的机理研究

证实和补充了文献［１］建立的ＦＡＡＳ分析中表面活性剂的增感机理模型，并对ＦＡＡＳ分析中表面活性剂抑制共存元素干扰的作用和机理作了探讨。表面活性剂能抑制共存元素干扰的主要原因是其胶团能和被测元素的离子或干扰离子形成胶团化物；表面活性剂在火焰中中的不完全燃烧使火焰气体还原性增强，温度升高也是其抑制干扰的因素之一。     

表面活性剂增敏光度法测定锌

在弱酸性(pH=4.5)介质中,非离子表面活性剂Tween-80存在下,7-(苯并噻唑-2-偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(BTAQS)与锌形成2:1的紫色配合物,最大吸收波长位于580nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为7.4×104L·mol-1·cm-1,锌含量在0-6μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律。测定矿样中的锌,结果满意。