A Multifunctional Magnetic Composite Material as a Drug Delivery System and a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent

Magnetic iron oxide coated in hydrogenation silica (Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂) is constructed as both a tumor drug carrier and a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. Colchicine (COLC) is loaded in Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ with the highest amount of 28.3 wt% at pH 9. The release performance of COLC can be controlled by pH, as the porous HSiO₂ shell can partially shed at pH below 3.0 to facilitate the release of COLC. MR imaging (MRI) tests prove that Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ at pH 3.0 (H⁺‐Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂) shows a stronger MR contrast enhancement than Fe₃O₄. Cytotoxicity experiment indicates that Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ has excellent biocompatibility and magnetic targeting performance. Additionally, COLC‐loaded Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ (Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC) displays a higher inhibition effect on tumor cells under a magnetic field than free COLC. The visibility upon MRI, high targeting, and pH‐controlled release characteristics of Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC are favorable to achieve the aim of reducing side effects to normal tissues, making Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC an attractive drug delivery system for nanomedicine.     

Forced oscillator model of dynamic spatial charge field in the reduced Zn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal

Holographic data storage is promised to be the next-generation optical storage technology for many years. The Zn:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal is studied widely because of its promising holographic storage properties. The forced oscillator model is used to explain the self-erasing phenomenon in the reduced Zn:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals. It is showed that the total spatial charge field is dominated by two kinds of carrier with different respond time, which are electron and hole, respectively. The cooperative action of two kinds carrier induces that the total charge field non-monotonically varies with the recording time. The same diffraction efficiency of hologram with equal exposure energy is realized by the self-erasing property. The precision of the optical correlation recognition based on holographic storage will be improved.     

Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料磁电容效应的研究

提出了一种以Fe3O4纳米颗粒和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)组成的复合材料为介质的平行板磁电容结构,并对其产生的磁电容效应的特点以及影响磁电容效应的因素进行了研究.对不同粒径的Fe3O4纳米颗粒按不同比例与PDMS混合形成的复合材料进行了测试.研究表明,与无磁场情况相比,在外磁场作用下,Fe3O4纳米颗粒/PDMS复合材料的电容值和介电损耗均发生了改变,产生了磁电容效应.由该复合材料磁电容效应所产生的电容变化量随着纳米颗粒混合浓度的增大而增大,并且当纳米颗粒粒径尺寸大于常温超顺磁临界尺寸时,材料的电容变化量随着颗粒尺寸的减小而增大.     

Cr~(2+):ZnS和Fe~(2+):ZnS光谱特性的比较研究

基于密度泛函理论和投影平面波方法,采用第一性原理对比分析了Cr2+:ZnS和Fe2+:ZnS的电子结构和光学性能。晶体中二价掺杂离子的态密度、能带结构和几何优化由广义梯度近似的PBE描述。Cr2+:ZnS和Fe2+:ZnS的近中红外光谱表明,特征吸收来自于局域激发的d和p-d杂化轨道之间的跃迁,Fe2+:ZnS的中心跃迁能量比Cr2+:ZnS的要低,红移0.34eV;分别制备了Cr2+:ZnS和Fe2+:ZnS晶体,并测得了Cr2+:ZnS和Fe2+:ZnS的吸收光谱,证实了Fe2+:ZnS的特征吸收峰较Cr2+:ZnS红移0.34eV。     

掺杂修饰与未修饰Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的光致聚合物全息性能

制备了未修饰以及用柠檬酸钠修饰的两种磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,并研究了将其掺入到有机光致聚合物中的全息性能,阐述了形成光栅的双扩散原理及抗皱原因.研究表明:掺入这两种纳米粒子后,材料的全息性能均有所提高,但掺入修饰后纳米粒子的全息性能更为突出,衍射效率可达90%,空间折射率调制度达2.14×10-3,缩皱率降低至0.8%,说明经柠檬酸钠修饰后的Fe3O4纳米粒子更有利于提高光致聚合物的全息性能.     

Modelling self-sensing of a magnetostrictive actuator based on a terfenol-D rod

A simplified quasi-static computational model for self-sensing applications of magnetostrictive actuators based on terfenol-D rods is presented. Paths and angle changes in the magnetic moments rotation of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 alloy are studied as functions of compressive stress and magnetic field, and then used to determine the magnetization in its actuation. Then sensing of magnetic induction picked from a driving coil in an actuator is derived. The model is quick and efficient to solve moments rotation and its magnetization. Sensing results of compressive stress and magnetostriction calculated by the model are in good agreement with experiments and will be helpful in the design and control of self-sensing applications in actuators.     

Optimization of the determination of chemical oxygen demand in wastewaters

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the most relevant chemical parameters for the management of wastewater treatment facilities including the control of the quality of an effluent. The adequacy of decisions based on COD values relies on the quality of the measurements. Cost effective management of the minor sources of uncertainty can be applied to the analytical procedure without affecting measurement quality. This work presents a detailed assessment of the determination of COD values in wastewaters, according to ISO6060:1989 standard, which can support reduction of both measurement uncertainty and cost of analysis. This assessment includes the definition of the measurement traceability chain and the validation of the measurement procedure supported on sound and objective criteria. Detailed models of the measurement performance, including uncertainty, developed from the Differential Approach, were successfully validated by proficiency tests. The assumption of the measurement function linearity of the uncertainty propagation law was tested through the comparison with the numerical Kragten method. The gathered information supported the definition of strategies for measurement uncertainty or cost reduction. The developed models are available as electronic supplementary material, in an MS-Excel file, to be updated with the user's data.     

蜂窝状CuO和Fe2O3纳米管协同光电还原CO2

采用阳极氧化法在Fe上原位生长直立有序的Fe2O3纳米管阵列,脉冲电沉积法将蜂窝状CuO组装到Fe2O3NTs上,得到CuO HCs/Fe2O3NTs催化剂.结果表明:Fe2O3NTs呈"火山状"规则生长,蜂窝状CuO均匀分布在Fe2O3NTs表面.修饰后,材料的能隙由原来的2.03 eV窄化为1.84 eV.同时发现该催化剂具有优良的光催化还原性能和电催化还原性能,光电催化还原CO2的主要生成产物为甲醇,甲醇在6 h时含量峰值为3.77 mmol/L.该研究对光电催化还原CO2有一定的指导和借鉴意义.     

纳米Fe3O4含量对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

以不锈钢网为集流体,采用辊压工艺制备了Fe3O4质量分数分别为0%、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%的不锈钢网、活性炭粉和Fe3O4构成的复合阳极AcM、AcFeM1、AcFeM2和AcFeM3,研究了Fe3O4含量对单室无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的影响,并通过塔菲尔曲线和阳极充电-放电测试研究了不同Fe3O4含量的阳极的电化学行为。结果表明,阳极Fe3O4质量分数由0%增加至2.5%、5.0%时,MFCs的最大输出功率和净电容电荷由AcM阳极的664 mW/m2和293.9 C分别上升至AcFeM1、AcFeM2电极的731 mW/m2和300.4 C、809 mW/m2和388.5 C,当Fe3O4含量继续增加至7.5%时,MFCs的产电效率和净电容电荷均减小,Fe3O4质量分数在5.0%时,MFCs性能最佳;电化学测试进一步说明Fe3O4质量分数在5.0%时,MFCs阳极的动力学活性最好。     

Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to liquid fuels using nanocarbon-based electrodes

Recent advances on the use of nanocarbon-based electrodes for the electrocatalytic conversion of gaseous streams of CO₂ to liquid fuels are discussed in this perspective paper. A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic cell, different from the typical electrochemical systems working in liquid phase, was developed. There are several advantages to work in gas phase, e.g. no need to recover the products from a liquid phase and no problems of CO₂ solubility, etc. Operating under these conditions and using electrodes based on metal nanoparticles supported over carbon nanotube (CNT) type materials, long C-chain products (in particular isopropanol under optimized conditions, but also hydrocarbons up to C8–C9) were obtained from the reduction of CO₂. Pt-CNT are more stable and give in some cases a higher productivity, but Fe-CNT, particular using N-doped carbon nanotubes, give excellent properties and are preferable to noble-metal-based electrocatalysts for the lower cost. The control of the localization of metal particles at the inner or outer surface of CNT is an importact factor for the product distribution. The nature of the nanocarbon substrate also plays a relevant role in enhancing the productivity and tuning the selectivity towards long C-chain products. The electrodes for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ are part of a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) solar cell concept, aimed to develop knowledge for the new generation artificial leaf-type solar cells which can use sunlight and water to convert CO₂ to fuels and chemicals. The CO₂ reduction to liquid fuels by solar energy is a good attempt to introduce renewables into the existing energy and chemical infrastructures, having a higher energy density and easier transport/storage than other competing solutions (i.e. H₂).