Ecotoxicological assessment of doxycycline in soil

Doxycycline has been used in continually increasing quantities for mass treatment of food animals because of its greater bioavailability relative to older tetracyclines. The study presented in this paper was undertaken to investigate the degradation rate of the tetracycline derivative in manure-amended soil. In the present experiment, following composting, the doxycycline-contaminated manure was applied to agricultural land, and a field study was performed to investigate the degradation rate of doxycycline in soil. By the end of the 20-week sampling period, about 20 %, 33 % and 18 % of the initial doxycycline concentrations could be measured in soil samples taken at three different soil depths. The calculated half-life of doxycycline in the soil was 66.5, 76.3 and 59.4 days at depths of 0 cm, 25 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The potential effect of doxycycline on soil microbial activity was demonstrated by the nitrogen transformation test performed in compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline No. 216. On day 28, the following nitrate concentrations of the control soil sample were found in the soil samples treated with different amounts of doxycycline: 76.9 %, 53.0 %, 65.6 %, 59.7 % and 77.1 %.     

Biological evaluation of SZI‐121, a new miticide

Abstract

A large number of tetrazine analogues were synthetised and tested as miticides. A comprehensive screening system was applied to recognise some effects important in terms of field performance. A promising new substance, coded as SZI‐121 was choosen for further development. It proved to be about four‐times more active as an ovicide (LC₅₀=0.05 ppm) than the reference clofentezine, when administered to the eggs directly (LC₅₀=0.23 ppm). In contrast to clofentezine which has solely a contact mode of action, SZI‐121 has excelent translaminar activity acting on already laid eggs (LC₅₀= 18.66 ppm) or those in females feeding on the opposite, non‐treated side of the leaf (LC₅₀=5.11 ppm). High toxicity of SZI‐121 to the chrysalis form (LC₅₀=0.39 ppm) was also observed. The field rate of SZI‐121 is 60–100 g a.i./ha against a wide range of phytophagous mites including European red mite (Panonychus ulmi), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), grape leaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis), vine leaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis), apple leaf rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali), stone fruit leaf rust mite (Vasates fockeui). Because it stops the development of mites in egg and chrysalis forms simultaneously, SZI‐121 can be used independently from actual development stages of mites during the whole season as the field trials demonstrated. These characteristics permit SZI‐121 to be easily fitted into integrated pest management.     

Aspects of Tests and Assessment of Filtering Materials Used for Respiratory Protection Against Bioaerosols. Part II: Sweat in the Environment,Microorganisms in the Form of a Bioaerosol

The second part of the article presents the results of a study of antimicrobial activity of filter nonwovens with an addition of biocides, as a function of the presence of sweat in the environment and the method of microbe deposition on a nonwoven in the form of a liquid and a bioaerosol. At the same time, the filtration efficiency of nonwovens against microorganisms in the form of a bioaerosol was tested with the dynamic method. The results showed that the addition of sweat on the surface of a nonwoven resulted in an insignificant decrease of biological activity that still remained high. Moreover, an active nonwoven showed biostatic and biocidal activity only when microbes were deposited on the surface in the form of a solution. The nonwoven did not show any biological activity after deposition of microorganisms with the dynamical method in the form of a bioaerosol.     

活性污泥中水解酶的研究进展

水解酶由活性污泥中的微生物产生,它们普遍存在于各种生物处理系统中,并对大分子有机物的生物降解起到关键性的作用。综述了水解酶在活性污泥中的分布特性、酶活力的测定方法、影响酶活力的因素等几个方面的最新研究进展。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanotube-like titania by sulfuric acid treatment

IntroductionTiO2 nanotubehaswidelydrawnmuchattentionduetoitslargesurfaceareaandhighphotocatalyticactivity ,becausetheyhavegreatpotentialforsuchapplicationsasenvironmentalpurification ,decompositionofcarbonicacidgas,andgenerationofhydrogengas .Titaniananot…     

Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland

The effects of single Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+),and combined Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland(IVCW)were studied.Dehydrogenase activities decreased linearly with the increasing concentrations of Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)at different times(6,24,72,and 120 h).The activities at both 6 and 24 h were significantly higher than that at 72 and 120 h in the case of single and combined treatments.The single Cd~(2+)...     

重庆黑风洞石笋灰度记录的全新世季风气候变化

基于重庆地区黑风洞石笋HF01的~(230)Th年代数据、灰度数据、氧同位素数据和Fe含量数据,重建了长江中上游地区全新世季风变化历史。结果显示石笋HF01的灰度值主要响应东亚季风变化,石笋灰度序列能够记录东亚全新世季风气候变化历史,即全新世早中期东亚夏季风增强,在6 ka B.P.以后季风逐渐减弱。石笋HF01的灰度序列清晰地记录了一系列的Bond事件,显示石笋灰度值对气候环境变化敏感,是可靠的气候环境信息载体;也进一步证明东亚季风不仅受太阳辐射驱动,还受高纬地区千年尺度的气候变化影响。石笋HF01灰度序列功率谱所呈现的55 a周期与太平洋数10 a尺度涛动(PDO)的50~70a周期一致,45、25、23、22、18、12 a周期接近于太阳活动周期,说明在数十年至百年尺度上东亚季风可能受太平洋涛动和太阳活动的共同影响。     

利用酵母菌处理高浓度味精废水的连续小试

利用批量实验对从高浓度味精废水中筛选出的一组酵母菌混合菌群进行了脱氢酶活性(DHA)测试.结果表明用该菌群对COD、硫酸根和氨氮均接近20000mg/L的味精离交尾液进行处理时,其DHA值在前36h高于对离交尾液稀释液的处理,说明高浓度氨氮和硫酸盐对酵母菌活性的影响不显著.利用接种了该酵母菌群的生物接触氧化反应器对味精废水进行的连续小试处理结果表明,COD容积负荷2.0～14.3kg/(m³·d)时,COD去除率稳定在80%以上;适当地补充磷源有利于维持稳定的处理效果对出水pH值和C     

典型煤炭产业园区土壤重金属污染对细菌群落结构的影响

煤炭产业活动可导致一定程度的土壤重金属污染,进而影响土壤微生物群落的正常组成区系.选取山西省襄垣县典型煤炭产业园区土壤为研究对象,系统解析4种不同类型企业(采煤厂、选煤厂、化工厂和燃煤电厂)和2种对照样地(村庄、公园)周边土壤的基本理化性质、重金属含量和酶活性的差异特征,基于高通量测序技术识别土壤细菌群落的结构,采用相关分析和冗余分析探究土壤细菌群落结构与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,研究区土壤均为碱性,Cr、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Cd、 Pb和Hg等8种重金属的含量均高于山西省土壤元素背景值,其中As、 Cd和Pb的超标倍数较高,但均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)的风险筛选值.不同样地土壤纤维素酶和碱性磷酸酶活性存在显著差异(P<0.05),它们分别在化工厂和公园土壤中活性最高.研究区土壤细菌群落的优势菌群为放线菌门(Actinobacteria),在化工厂周边土壤中相对丰度最大;其次为变形菌门(Proteobacteria).Cd、总碳、总氮和碱性磷酸酶活性是影响土壤细菌群落的显著环境因子,且主要影响着酸杆菌...     

Effect of Agricultural Antibiotics on the Persistence and Transformation of 17β-Estradiol in a Sequatchie Loam

A laboratory incubation study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural antibiotics (sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlortetracycline) on the persistence and transformation of 17β-estradiol in Sequatchie loam. We measured concentrations of 17β-estradiol and its primary metabolite (estrone) in soils spiked with antibiotics and 17β-estradiol. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was also measured as an indicator of the total microbial activity of the soils. The presence of antibiotics significantly decreased transformation of 17β-estradiol to estrone. There was a positive correlation between the DHA and the concentrations of estrone in soil spiked with 17β-estradiol only, implying that the reaction is mainly catalyzed by dehydrogenases. However, the positive correlation was weakened in soil spiked with 17β-estradiol and antibiotics together. We recommend that any study evaluating the fate and transport of estrogenic hormones in soil should include the effect of agricultural antibiotics because antibiotics and estrogenic hormones are commonly excreted together in environmental samples.