生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染指标初探

报道了广州部分垃圾转运站恶臭指标的检测结果.发现国家标准(GB14554-1993)中的单项污染物指标的测定值大多远低于标准限值,而综合指标臭气浓度普遍超标,两类指标间存在严重不符.利用SAS统计软件综合分析各指标的检测数据,结果表明,垃圾转运站臭气中恶臭指标的含量存在较大的变异,且在垃圾站内的变异程度更大;恶臭单项指标在垃圾站内和垃圾站边界点的测定均值问无显著差异;臭气浓度和恶臭单项指标整体间可能存在一定的线性关系,但和某个具体的恶臭指标的线性相关性并不显著.     

灰色关联分析法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用

以陕西凤县寺沟铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染评价为例,介绍了灰色关联分析法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用,结果表明基于灰色关联分析的土壤重金属污染评价方法能够较完整地反映土壤重金属污染程度,是一种实用且准确的评价方法.     

用灰色关联度方法分析活性炭-膜生物反应器效率的影响因素

应用灰色关联分析方法，以活性炭-膜生物反应器净化微污染水源水为例，研究影响反应器处理效率主要因素的重要性顺序，试验数据进行关联度计算分析所得的结论与理论分析一致。从而表明，用该方法分析影响好氧反应器处理效率的各因素的重要性．具有要求试验数据少、结果可靠的特点，同时也得到了影响活性炭-膜生物反应器处理效率各因素的重要性顺序。     

降水量变化对大气污染物浓度影响分析

系统分析了2001～2010年南通市城区中大气自动监测站和降水监测点位数据,得出:10年间逐年降水量与二氧化硫年均浓度呈现高度线性负相关,其它时空降水量与大气污染物浓度分布中呈现非线性显著性负相关。降水量大污染物浓度就小,反之就大。2006～2010年5年平均降水量1083.49mm,比2001～2005年5年平均降水量多出244.97mm,大气污染指标5年平均浓度下降幅度为:可吸入颗粒物0.013mg/m3、二氧化硫0.009mg/m3、二氧化氮无变化。10年的平均季度降水量夏季最大为467.97mm,对应的夏季大气污染物最小均值为:可吸入颗粒物0.073mg/m3、二氧化硫0.026mg/m3;10年平均季度降水量冬季最小为137.84mm,对应的冬季大气污染物季最大均值为:可吸入颗粒物为0.104mg/m3、二氧化硫0.034mg/m3和二氧化氮0.036mg/m3。     

西安城区大气PM_(2.5)中有机碳与元素碳的污染特征

为研究西安市夏、秋、冬3季大气细颗粒物中碳组分的污染变化规律,于2013年夏、秋、冬3季在西安市明城墙内采集大气中的PM2.5样品,测定了样品中的有机碳和元素碳的含量。结果显示,PM2.5中OC和EC的季节平均浓度冬季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。OC/EC的比值在夏、秋、冬3季均超过2.0,说明采样期间夏、秋、冬3季均存在二次污染。OC/PM2.5的比值夏秋两季差异较小,冬季明显高于夏秋两季;EC/PM2.5的比值在夏、秋、冬3季的变化不大。OC和EC的相关性:夏季秋季冬季。OC与PM2.5的相关程度冬季秋季夏季,且随季节更替变化明显;EC与PM2.5的相关性:秋季夏季冬季。即随着季节变化PM2.5浓度水平整体升高、污染加重时,PM2.5中的OC所占比例明显升高,EC比较稳定,说明受人为影响的二次排放为主要成分的OC对PM2.5贡献更大。     

乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量变化趋势分析

以乌鲁木齐市2004～2010年间的大气环境质量监测数据为依据,采用空气污染综合指数法评价其大气环境质量,并运用Spearman秩相关系数预测其发展趋势.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量为轻度污染,主要污染物为SO2和PM10.NO2和PM10有上升趋势,SO2呈不显著下降趋势.     

Decomposition dynamic of higher plant pigments by HPLC analysis

IntroductionHigh performanceliquidchromatographic (HPLC )systemsweredevelopedforhigherplantpigmentsinthelate1970’sandearly 1980’s .Subsequently ,morecomplexHPLCsystemsweredevelopedforchlorophyllsandcarotenoidsfrommicroalgaeandnaturalphytoplanktonpopulations(Gieskes,1991;Hodgson ,1997;Bris,1998) .Bothreversedphaseandnormalphasesystemswereused .TheHPLCtechniquewasusedmorerecentlyforplantpigmentanalysis,andithasledtoasignificantincreaseinseparationandinthenumberofpigmentsthatcanbeidentifi…     

玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水与上覆水中微量金属的含量及相关性研究

应用ICP-AES对南京市玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水和上覆水中的金属元素进行定量测试,并对间隙水和上覆水中的金属离子浓度进行了相关性分析。结果表明,大部分间隙水中的金属离子浓度高于上覆水,且在两者中不具有相同的浓度分布趋势;相关性分析表明,除Mn外,其它元素在间隙水和上覆水中的浓度无明显相关性,但是Fe和Mn与其它金属元素之间存在明显的相关性。     

城镇污水处理厂TOC与COD相关性分析及应用

通过在线TOC水质自动分析仪方法与实验室COD方法比对,建立TOC-COD一元线性回归方程,且将其应用到上海市44家污水处理厂出水中TOC与COD值的转换,并在污水处理厂进行在线TOC水质自动分析仪及在线COD水质自动分析仪监测值比对实验。结果表明,TOC-COD一元线性回归方程相关系数r为 0.963,废水中TOC与COD值线性显著相关,通过上述回归方程将在线TOC水质自动分析仪监测值转化COD监测值与在线COD水质自动仪监测值进行相对误差比较,88.4％的数据满足《水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 355－2007）规范要求;用上述转换方程换算上海市44家污水处理厂TOC值得到的COD值与实验室COD值进行误差计算, 87.3%的数据满足上述规范要求,验证了在线TOC值转换COD值在污水行业的适用性。     

Analysis of acidic components, heavy metals and PAHS of particulate in the Changwon–Masan area of Korea

This study is an analysis of the concentrations and components of heavy metals in PM_2.5 and the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at a mechanical industrial complex (IC) site in Changwon and at a residential site in Masan, Korea. Particulate was collected during two sampling periods, from the late summer to the early fall and from the middle to late fall, at the IC site and one sampling period, from the middle fall to the early winter, at the residential site. PM_2.5 and TSP samples were taken by an annular denuder system and a hi-volume air sampler, respectively. The authors also identified the concentrations and components of heavy metals extracted from the PM_2.5 and TSP filters, the acidic components extracted from the PM_2.5 filters, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted from polyurethane foam (PUF) plug. The average concentrations of the PM_2.5 collected at the IC and residential sites were very similar. Major sources of PM_2.5 at the study sites, however, were air emissions from vehicles and industry as well as emissions from residential heating and soil origins, respectively. The higher concentrations of the TSP at the IC site, as compared to those at the residential site, were due to either increased suspended dust from vehicle emissions or re-suspended road dust because of increased vehicle speeds near the IC site. Heavy metal concentrations in the TSPs were higher than those in the PM_2.5. The heavy metal concentrations in the PM_2.5 and TSP at the IC site with heavy traffic were substantially greater than those at the residential site. The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals and PAHs in PM during the period of the middle to late fall was much higher than those during the period of the late summer to early fall at the IC site. This is because of the difference in meteorological characteristics and energy uses between two periods. The residential site also showed higher concentrations of acidic anions while the IC site showed higher concentrations of acidic cation. Secondary aerosols or particulates, such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrite, might have been important constituents of the PM_2.5 at the residential site. The PAHs in the TSP collected at the IC site was greatly affected by traffic and industry emissions consisting mostly of high molecular weight PAHs with two to four rings. PAHs in the TSP at the site, however, were affected by residential heating and air emissions from small chemical plants having higher concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs with five to six rings.