油田污水处理及酸化缓蚀剂的应用

介绍了油田污水处理及酸化中的几类缓蚀剂,重点介绍了咪唑啉型缓蚀剂、膦系缓蚀剂、曼尼希碱、炔醇等四类目前使用较多的缓蚀剂。结合缓蚀剂的分子结构阐述了其作用机理,论述了污水用缓蚀剂和酸化用缓蚀剂分子结构的区别及原因,并探讨了今后研究和发展的方向。     

Performance of thermostatic and electronic valves controlling the compressor capacity

The performance of the energy consumption of an electronic valve and a classical thermostatic valve has been compared when these expansion valves are adopted in a vapour compression plant subjected to a cold store. The main aim is to verify experimentally which type of expansion valve would be preferable from energy point of view when a classical thermostat or a fuzzy logic algorithm are used as the control system for the refrigeration capacity. The fuzzy logic‐based control is able to modulate continuously the compressor speed through an inverter. The results show that with a fuzzy algorithm, the thermostatic expansion valve allows an energy saving of about 8% in comparison with the electronic valve. When on–off control is used, the electric energy consumption obtained both with the electronic valve and with the thermostatic valve is comparable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某住宅小区边坡渗水治理及综合利用

分析了某小区边坡渗水的原因，结合实际情况，介绍了边坡渗水的治理措施，并对渗水进行了收集综合利用，消除了边坡滑坡的安全隐患，取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Pilot Plant Study of Simultaneous Sewage Sludge Digestion and Metal Leaching

This research is related to a preindustrial pilot scale study of the performance of the simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process for decontamination and stabilization of sewage sludge. Ten batch tests were carried out in two 4?m3 bioreactors under various conditions of operation. Results indicated that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5?g?S0/L, which is the equivalent of approximately 30 to 50?kg?S0 per tons dry sludge, is sufficient to obtain conditions of acidity (pH<2.5) and oxido-reduction potential greater than 500 mV necessary for an effective solubilization of toxic metals. The final average of metal solubilization in the output sludge during the SSDML process varied in the following ranges: 25–78% Cd, 9–32% Cr, 48–100% Cu, 77–99% Mn, 15–53% Ni, 12–47% Pb, and 66–100% Zn. The N, P, and K contents were also preserved in the decontaminated sludge. Moreover, the use of low concentrations of elemental sulfur makes it possible to obtain decontaminated sludge with a low total sulfur content (1.4–1.5% S) compatible with agricultural use. The suspended solids removal calculated for the SSDML process was slightly lower, (2.5±0.4)% volatile suspended solids per day, than those reached using standard aerobic digestion. Finally, the SSDML process was found to be effective in removing bad odors and in the destruction (99–100%) of indicator bacteria.     

炼油厂碱性污水生物催化氧化预处理工艺研究

在对炼油厂碱性污水水质分析的基础上,提出采用生物催化氧化工艺对碱性污水进行预处理。试验结果表明,在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量(标准状态)为8 m3／h的条件下,碱性污水的硫化物去除率可达90％以上,出水中的硫化物平均值为15．2 mg/L,CODCR、酚和油的去除率分别为47．5％,44．1％,50．8％,其中CODCR体积负荷为3．85 kg／(m3·d),是传统生化处理的10倍, 达到了污水预处理的目的。     

润滑油用纳米TiO2的表面改性及自修复性能研究

采用油酸对纳米TiO2进行表面改性，使其稳定分散于基础油中。利用HQ-1摩擦磨损试验机考察纳米TiO2的自修复性能，并探讨其自修复机理。试验结果表明，经改性后的纳米TiO2粉体作为润滑添加剂具有良好的分散稳定性、减摩抗磨性和自修复性。     

机械力化学作用对低介硅灰石瓷料的相变和相组成的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)手段详细研究了由氧化物粉末制备硅灰石陶瓷时,机械力化学作用及后续热处理对硅灰石陶瓷相组成和相变过程的影响,分析了机械力化学在球磨过程中的作用机理主要是细化晶粒、使晶格畸变、晶格缺陷增多、非晶化和诱导低温化学反应。结果表明:高能球磨中的机械力化学作用能够有效地降低硅灰石陶瓷的烧成温度(11160~11220℃)。探明了经高能球磨的样品在烧成过程中的晶相转变规律。瓷料最终的晶相为单一的-硅灰石(高温变体)。     

24万t/a尿素装置技术改造总结

针对新化化肥有限公司尿素装置存在的问题进行了技术改造,从尿素合成塔、中压分解吸收、低压分解吸收、闪蒸等方面分析了产生问题的原因,提出了改进措施和实施方案。对改造前后工艺指标、产品质量和经济效益进行了对比和分析。改造结果表明.生产能力提高25％,5个月可收回全部投资。     

运行电站爆破震动控制研究

结合大渡河龚咀水电站下游河床整治爆破开挖拓宽，重点研究了爆破震动对运行电站机组及其仪表的影响，探讨了爆破震动安全判据和控制标准，用了若干实际工程采用的经验指标进行对比分析，所得结论意见可供同类工程作为爆震安全控制参考。     

对象族可镇定半径的计算

本文采用优化方法把计算对象族的可镇定半径问题转化成优化问题。2范数定义下的可镇定半径采用了Lagrange乘子法求解；无穷范数意义下的可镇定半径采用了最小范数解方法求解。本文方法对可镇定半径的定义形式和不确定参数结构没有要求，因此更具有一般性。