基于非共轴本构模型的砂土真三轴试验分叉分析

现有的弹塑性本构模型多数是基于共轴理论建立的,且只在三轴压缩应力条件下得到验证,因而不能合理描述真三轴状态下砂土的力学特性。为此,改进三维本构模型屈服函数的π面形态,运用非共轴分叉理论对真三轴状态下砂土的分叉强度与分叉前的应力应变关系进行分析。理论分析表明,真三轴条件下中主应力对分叉前应力应变曲线及分叉特性有着显著的影响,其中中主应力比超过0.2时应变局部化产生并决定了土体的峰值强度。真三轴试验结果与传统的共轴分叉理论的预测结果进行对比分析,验证了非共轴分叉理论预测的合理性。     

K0固结软黏土的应变率效应研究

在已建立的K0固结软土弹黏塑性本构模型基础上,推导了一维先期固结压力和三轴不排水抗剪强度的计算式,并着重分析了应变率对两者的影响,分别用各自的应变率参数表征。强度应变率参数ρ仅取决于次固结系数与压缩指数的比值,与土体固结应力、固结历史及试验类型均无关;先期固结压力应变率参数ρn则与该比值及压缩参数Λ都有关,且一般有ρn>ρ。对于无机质软黏土,应变率增大10倍时,先期固结压力增长8%～21.2%,不排水强度增长7.2%～12.2%,与试验结果较吻合。考虑到室内试验与原位的应变率差异,建议先将试验所得先期固结压力及不排水抗剪强度按本文规律进行应变率修正,再应用于原位情况。OCR越大,不排水强度比随应变率增长越快。     

Quantitative evaluation of reheat cracking susceptibility by in situ observation and measurement using laser confocal microscope*

In the post-weld heat treatment process, the reheat cracking which might occur in the weldments of low-alloy steels has been a serious problem. So, it is considered to be important to predict the possibility of occurrence of reheat cracking in these steels. It is however recognized as a time-consuming procedure to evaluate quantitatively the susceptibility to this type of cracking. In the present study, a new quantitative evaluation method of reheat cracking susceptibility by in situ observation and measurement using a laser confocal microscope has been proposed. Through this new method, the reheat cracking susceptibility of any kind of steels can be evaluated with the same standard. Moreover, because the position of the initial crack can be focused and the critical ductility to initiate the crack is measured by in situ observation, the reheat cracking susceptibility can be evaluated using only one specimen. So the newly developed method can provide efficient quantitative assessment of the reheat cracking sensitivity with high accuracy.     

Pressure welding of branch pipes with local heating

The process of pressure welding branch pipes with hot local heating and the ratio for calculating the conditions are proposed. The constitutive equations of the material in plasticity and creep are used. The energy method is used for calculating the pressure for the fracture axisymmetric field of the displacement speeds. The experimental and production results are presented.     

Estimation of optimum binder content of recycled asphalt incorporating a wax warm additive using response surface method

This paper presents a new approach to estimate the optimum binder content (OBC) of recycled asphalts (RAs) incorporating a warm mix additive based on the interaction effects of compaction temperature, RA content and binder content using volumetric and strength characterisation. The experimental design was developed using response surface method (RSM) based on central composite design for various compaction temperatures (130–160 °C), RA contents (30–50%) and binder contents (4.9–6.0%). Laboratory tests were performed and analysed to meet the desired volumetric and strength properties according to the Malaysian specifications for the design of dense asphalt mixtures. Statistical analysis and mathematical models proposed by RSM were used to determine the OBC. The results showed that compaction temperature is the most significant factor in determining the OBC. There are minimum differences in the OBC variation of samples incorporating different dosage of RA. The developed model can be used for quick estimation of OBC for various levels of compaction temperature and RA content.     

Multifunctional carbon nanotube coatings used as strain sensors for composite tanks

The modern strain sensors currently used in monitoring the structural properties of such tank structures suffer from a number of limitations, including a low level of sensitivity and detection. In this work, we present a novel method of structural monitoring utilizing a thin film of carbon nanotubes carefully deposited on carbon fiber composites. The nanotube film and raw material were first characterized via microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Bowing of the tank wall was simulated by applying a three-point bend load test, which was found to strongly affect the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube film. These measurements were very reproducible, as the film resistance returned to its original value each time that the load was slowly released. We believe that these highly sensitive carbon nanotube films are potential candidates as replacements for the current health-monitoring sensors.     

Semi-analytical modeling of the coupled strain and low-temperature dependence of the normal-state resistivity in Nb3Sn

A semi-analytical modeling framework on the microscopic basis is proposed in this paper to predict the low-temperature transport properties of strained Nb₃Sn superconductors. The theoretical predictions agree well with experimental observations, which indicate that the competitions between the strain state-dependent variations in the phonon spectrum and the electron density of states (DOS) are an important consideration in interpreting the coupled low temperature-strain sensitivity of resistivity in superconducting Nb₃Sn. The model is helpful for identifying the scaling law describing the anomalies in the strain dependence of superconducting critical properties of Nb₃Sn conductors.     

Cryogenic forming behaviour of AW-6016-T4 sheet

The objective of this work is to study the cryogenic sheet metal forming behaviour of precipitation hardening AW-6016-T4. In this regard, the flow curves and forming limit curves were obtained by tension and Nakazima experimental testing methods in the temperature ranges from ?196 to 25 °C. It was found that strength and elongation increase with decreasing temperature. Small but perceived differences between microstructure of the material deformed at the room and cryogenic temperatures respectively were identified by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. However, no significant difference in the precipitation kinetics during continuous heating in the DSC has been observed. This study has demonstrated the potential of cryogenic forming by manufacturing a B-pillar part with 8 mm depth of side design element as compared to 6 mm at room temperature.     

Creep resistance of as-cast Mg-5Al-5Ca-2Sn alloy

In the present study, creep properties of as-cast Mg-5Al-5Ca-2Sn(AXT552) alloy were investigated by means of a GWT304 creep testing machine at temperatures of 175 °C and 200 °C in the stress range of 35-90 MPa. Results show that creep rates increase with applied stress at an identical temperature. Creep strain at 100 hours is 0.0518% and 0.083% at creep conditions of 175°C/75 MPa and 200°C/60 MPa, respectively, which is comparable to MRI230 D and much lower than most of AX series alloys. By the observation and analysis for samples before and after creep tests using a Shimadzu XRD-7000 type X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and a Hitachi S-3400 N type scanning electron microscope(SEM), it was found that Al_2Ca(C15) phase precipitated out of C36 phase or matrix. The cavity formation and connection at the interface of soft matrix and hard intermetallics caused the propagation of cracking along the eutectic phase during creep process and dislocation accommodated grain/phase boundary sliding is expected to be the dominant creep mechanism.     

Traglastuntersuchungen an Koppelpfetten bei Biegung um die schwache Achse und Torsion

Ultimate load analyses on coupled purlins during bending around the weak axis and torsion. When using a coupled multi‐span beam with a Z‐shaped cross‐section, the question often arises as to which static system the load‐bearing behavior can be reproduced in a realistic manner. For bending around the strong axis, spring models are available. For bending around the weak axis and torsion, they unfortunately do not exist. This paper examines this problem and shows the bearing behavior by means of experimental investigations for bending around the weak axis and torsion.