柔性结构拓扑优化设计发展概况

论述了柔性结构的特点、拓扑优化设计的基本原理与方法、国内外研究发展现状 ,以及在工程设计中的应用等问题。最后 ,列出了柔性结构拓扑优化设计的发展方向、需要解决的问题 ,以及可能解决的方案等。     

A short guide to topological terms in the effective theories of condensed matter

Abstract

This article is meant as a gentle introduction to the topological terms that often play a decisive role in effective theories describing topological quantum effects in condensed matter systems. We first take up several prominent examples, mainly from the area of quantum magnetism and superfluids/superconductors. We then briefly discuss how these ideas are now finding incarnations in the studies of symmetry-protected topological phases, which are in a sense a generalization of the concept of topological insulators to a wider range of materials, including magnets and cold atoms.     

面向可解释性的物体拓扑结构骨架表征方法

目的 模式识别中，通常使用大量标注数据和有效的机器学习算法训练分类器应对不确定性问题。然而，这一过程缺乏知识表征和可解释性。认知心理学和实验心理学的研究表明，人类往往不使用代价如此巨大的机制，而是使用表征、归纳、推理、解释和约束传播等与符号主义人工智能方法类似的手段来应对物体识别中的不确定性并提供可解释性。因此本文旨在从传统的符号计算出发，利用骨架拓扑结构表征提供一种可解释性的思路。方法 以骨架树为基本手段来形成物体拓扑结构特征和几何特征的形式化表征，并基于泛化框架对少量同类表征进行知识抽取来形成关于物体类别的知识概括显式化表征。结果 在形成物体类别的概括表征实验中，通过路径重建直观展示了同类属物体上得到的最一般表征的几何物理意义。在可解释性验证实验中，通过跨数据的拓扑应用展示了新测试样本相对于概括表征的特定差异，表明该表征具有良好的可解释性。最后在形状补全的不确定性推理实验中，不仅可以得到识别结论，而且清晰展示了识别背后做出的判断依据，进一步验证了该表征的可解释性。结论 实验表明一般化的形式表征能够应对尺寸、颜色和形状等不确定性问题，本文方法避免了基于纹理特征所带来的不确定性，适用于任意基于基元的表征方式，具有更好的鲁棒性、普适性和可解释性，计算代价更小。     

Topological evolution of laminar juncture flows under different critical parameters

Horseshoe vortex topological structure has been studied extensively in the past, traditional “saddle of separation” and new “attachment saddle point” topologies found in literature both have theoretical basis and experimental and computational evidences for support. The laminar incompressible juncture flows at low Reynolds numbers especially are observed to have new topology. Studies concerning the existence of the new topology though found in literature, the topological evolution and its dependency on various critical flow parameters require further investigation. A Particle Image Velocimetry based analysis is carried out to observe the effect of aspect ratio, δ*/D and shape of the obstacle on laminar horseshoe vortex topology for small obstacles. Rise in aspect ratio evolves the topology from the traditional to new for all the cases observed. The circular cross section obstacles are found more apt to having the new topology compared to square cross sections. It is noted that the sweeping effect of the fluid above the vortex system in which horseshoe vortex is immersed plays a critical role in this evolution. Topological evolution is observed not only in the most upstream singular point region of horseshoe vortex system but also in the corner region. The corner vortex topology evolves from the traditional type to new one before the topological evolution of the most upstream singular point, resulting in a new topological pattern of the laminar juncture flows “separation-attachment combination”. The study may help extend the understanding of the three-dimensional boundary layer separation phenomenon.     

Adiabatic photo-steering theory in topological insulators

Feasible external control of material properties is a crucial issue in condensed matter physics. A new approach to achieving this aim, named adiabatic photo-steering, is reviewed. The core principle of this scheme is that several material constants are effectively turned into externally tunable variables by irradiation of monochromatic laser light. Two-dimensional topological insulators are selected as the optimal systems that exhibit a prominent change in their properties following the application of this method. Two specific examples of photo-steered quantum phenomena, which reflect topological aspects of the electronic systems at hand, are presented. One is the integer quantum Hall effect described by the Haldane model, and the other is the quantum spin Hall effect described by the Kane–Mele model. The topological quantities associated with these phenomena are the conventional Chern number and spin Chern number, respectively. A recent interesting idea, time-reversal symmetry breaking via a temporary periodic external stimulation, is also discussed.     

On extensions of subshifts by finite groups

λ-Graph systems are labelled Bratteli diagrams with shift operations. They present subshifts. Their matrix presentations are called symbolic matrix systems. We define skew products of λ-graph systems and study extensions of subshifts by finite groups. We prove that two canonical symbolic matrix systems are G-strong shift equivalent if and only if their presented subshifts are G-conjugate.     

基于电磁感应原理的两自由度直线旋转电机研究综述

以基于电磁感应原理的两自由度直线旋转电机为研究对象,查阅了国内外相关文献,回顾了此类电机的发展历程,总结归纳出其发展脉络和演进特点,对比分析了各种电机的拓扑结构差异和性能特点,探讨了该类电机本体结构、控制方法和控制技术的研究现状,指明了未来的研究重点、发展方向和发展趋势。     

基于分层搜索算法的超高层建筑供用电可靠性评估

根据超高层建筑供电特点和管理需求,提出了超高层建筑供用电可靠性指标体系和超高层建筑供用电可靠性计算方法——分层搜索算法。该指标体系和搜索算法不仅能对传统用户供电可靠性进行评估,还能对用户内部用电可靠性进行分析,包括用户内部整体可靠性和用户负荷点可靠性,可以对超高层建筑内部实现精益化管理提供技术支持。以一栋由两路电源供电的超高层建筑为例,采用文中提出的指标体系和算法对该建筑进行评价,结果显示,2路并列供电的电源,在同时供电和一路运行、一路检修时,用电可靠性相差不大,而两者的停电损失期望值可相差1.5倍多,该结果能为用户内部检修策略的制定提供有效指导。算例证明了文中提出的指标体系的实用性和分层搜索算法的正确性。     

基于复杂网络理论的宝鸡公交网络构建与分析

选取陕西省宝鸡市的43条公交线路和344个公交站点,以公交站点作为节点,相邻站点之间存在公交线路作为连边,基于复杂网络理论构建了宝鸡公交网络模型。对网络的统计性质与拓扑特征分析表明,公交网络是稀疏的,具有无标度特性以及部分小世界性质,网络度分布服从幂律分布,少数枢纽节点在网络中起重要的作用,对应于城市的关键站点或主要换乘站点。公交网络同时存在鲁棒性与脆弱性,网络稳定性的研究可为城市公交网络的优化及交通规划提供一定的理论依据。