Salt-water up-coning during extraction of fresh water from a tropical island

Rainwater can collect in a lens-shaped region within the rock of a tropical island, and may be separated from the underlying salt water by a sharp interface. This paper presents a nonlinear theory for determining the shape of this interface. The island is assumed to be saturated with rain, and provision is made for the outflow of rain-water through the sides of the island. The effect of a bore well on the shape of the interface is investigated, and the problem is solved using a spectral method. An integral-equation method is also presented for the case when the island has infinite width.     

Novel electro-optic properties of epitaxially grown (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT) thin films derived by advanced sol–gel methods

Advanced sol–gel methods using a secondary solvent addition into (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O₃ (PLZT) sol–gel solution and a methanol pre-treatment of sapphire substrates are demonstrated. For the secondary solvent addition, the additive affected the crystallinity and electro-optic (EO) property of PLZT films and only methanol addition can improve them. In addition, the methanol pre-treatment is also appeared to be effective to improve film characteristics.

Through these optimizations, epitaxially grown PLZT thin films on r-cut sapphire are obtained and a high Pockels coefficient which is comparable to those of bulk PLZTs is achieved. It is believed that these PLZT thin films are applicable for integrated EO devices and open the door for the future data communication systems.     

The influence of raw material characteristics on the industrial pelletizing process and pellet quality

Industrial pelletizing of sawdust was carried out as a designed experiment in the factors: sawdust moisture content, fractions of fresh pine, stored pine and spruce. The process parameters and response variables were energy consumption, pellet flow rate, pellet bulk density, durability and moisture content. The final data consisted of twelve industrial scale runs. Because of the many response variables, data evaluation was by principal component analysis of a 12 × 9 data matrix. The two principal component model showed a clustering of samples, with a good reproducibility of the center points. It also showed a positive correlation of energy consumption, bulk density and durability all negatively correlated to flow rate and moisture content. The stored pine was more related to high durability and bulk density. The role of the spruce fraction was unclear. The design matrix, augmented with the process parameters was a 12 × 6 matrix. Partial least squares regression showed excellent results for pellet moisture content and bulk density. The model for durability was promising. A 12 × 21 data matrix of fatty- and resin acid concentrations measured by GC–MS showed the differences between fresh and stored pine very clearly. The influence of the spruce fraction was less clear. However, the influence of the fatty- and resin acids on the pelletizing process could not be confirmed, indicating that other differences between fresh and stored pine sawdust have to be investigated. This work shows that it is possible to design the pelletizing process for moderate energy consumption and high pellet quality.     

Bootstrapping the Local Periodogram of Locally Stationary Processes

Abstract. Locally stationary processes are non‐stationary stochastic processes the second‐order structure of which varies smoothly over time. In this paper, we develop a method to bootstrap the local periodogram of a locally stationary process. Our method generates pseudo local periodogram ordinates by combining a parametric time and non‐parametric frequency domain bootstrap approach. We first fit locally a time varying autoregressive model so as to capture the essential characteristics of the underlying process. A locally calculated non‐parametric correction in the frequency domain is then used so as to improve upon the locally parametric autoregressive fit. As an application, we investigate theoretically the asymptotic properties of the bootstrap method proposed applied to the class of local spectral means, local ratio statistics and local spectral density estimators. Some simulations demonstrate the ability of our method to give accurate estimates of the quantities of interest in finite sample situations and an application to a real‐life data‐set is presented.     

3-D MCM封装技术及其应用

介绍了超大规模集成电路（VLSI）用的3-D MCM封装技术的最新发展，重点介绍了3-D MCM封装垂直互连工艺，分析了3-D MCM封装技术的硅效率、复杂程度、热处理、互连密度、系统功率与速度等问题，并对3-D MCM封装的应用作了简要说明。     

粉煤灰降失水水泥浆在天然气井固井中的研究与应用

长庆天然气田属于低压、低渗透气田,存在承压能力较低的地层,固井设计要求全井段封固,并且采用双级双凝施工工艺。但由于用于低密度水泥浆中的漂珠生产量降低,价格上升,研究应用替代产品是固井技术发展的方向。在一级领浆中研究应用了粉煤灰水泥浆体系,其性能和固井质量可完全满足固井要求。粉煤灰水泥浆体系价格低和固井质量优良,使其成为漂珠水泥浆体系的替代配方。     

Experience, Context, and the Visual Perception of Human Movement.

Why are human observers particularly sensitive to human movement? Seven experiments examined the roles of visual experience and motor processes in human movement perception by comparing visual sensitivities to point-light displays of familiar, unusual, and impossible gaits across gait-speed and identity discrimination tasks. In both tasks, visual sensitivity to physically possible gaits was superior to visual sensitivity to physically impossible gaits, supporting perception-action coupling theories of human movement perception. Visual experience influenced walker-identity perception but not gait-speed discrimination. Thus, both motor experience and visual experience define visual sensitivity to human movement. An ecological perspective can be used to define the conditions necessary for experience-dependent sensitivity to human movement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating first one under the conditions of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants with two gas-turbine units and one steam turbine

Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer) is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17.     

印品质量控制中的密度测量与色度测量

在印刷品质量控制中为了得到更多的可靠数值,越来越多地选择用仪器测量法来代替主观评价法.这就是密度测量法和色度测量法.     

Modelling and analysis of 3-D arrangements of particles by point processes with examples of application to biological data obtained by confocal scanning light microscopy

Within the concept of point processes, a review is presented of quantities which can be used in studies of three-dimensional (3-D) aggregates of particles. Suitable characteristics and estimators are given for both unmarked and marked point processes. To demonstrate the feasibility of such quantitative approaches, an application in histology, dealing with 3-D arrangements of cell nuclei in rat liver, is described. Using a confocal scanning light microscope, 3-D images are recorded and image analysis used to obtain the coordinates of the centroid, together with the volume and DNA content, of each cell nucleus. Examples of results are given, using both unmarked and marked point processes. In the latter case, cell type, nuclear volume and ploidy group are suitable marks.