硝酸铈封闭对2A12铝合金己二酸-硫酸阳极氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

研究了硝酸铈溶液封闭对2A12铝合金己二酸-硫酸阳极氧化膜耐蚀性的影响,通过盐雾腐蚀实验、电化学动电位极化扫描法和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)对阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性进行研究,采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观察试样封闭前后的表面微观形貌,并与稀铬酸封闭、沸水封闭传统工艺进行比较。结果表明:采用硝酸铈溶液封闭的2A12铝合金阳极氧化膜腐蚀电流减小,阻抗值增大,耐腐蚀性增强。阳极氧化膜表面呈致密的花瓣状,多孔层内及氧化膜表面附着一层致密铈的氧化物或氢氧化物,其耐蚀性优于沸水封闭,与稀铬酸封闭相当。     

土工格室混凝土护坡防渗在工程中的应用

土工格室是由高分子聚合片材经高强度焊接而形成的一种网格结构,进行渠道边坡衬砌时,采用土工格室的框架,浇筑混凝土在其内,使之成为混凝土“板”结构的土工格室,因格室边框具有连锁作用,保证土板的完整性和整体性,使基础能够适应冻胀变形,防止坡面由于局部破坏产生大面积的脱坡。     

FTIR micro‐reflectance absorption spectroscopic analysis of chemisorbed reaction films for tribological applications

Chemisorbed reaction films (CRFs) were prepared by using iron (Fe) particles (100–200 mess size) and thio (sulfur) derivatives of ethyl octadecenoate and methyl 12‐hydroxy octadecenoate in the light viscosity paraffin liquid medium. The reaction was conducted in a simulated condition of tribo‐chemical situation. CRFs were obtained in solid amorphous phase. The CRFs were examined for elemental composition and layer analysis using C‐H‐N‐O‐S analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy micro‐reflectance absorption spectroscopic technique. Further, the CRFs were isolated into organic solvent soluble fractions using polar solvents of increasing polar strength. Their elemental analyses were studied, and chemical constitutions were known. Friction coefficient and wear scar diameter were evaluated by high frequency reciprocating rig, PLINT TE‐77 machine. Thermal stability was studied using thermogravimetric analysis technique in nitrogen environment. These studies inferred that CRFs appeared varying in its composition, luster, phase, chemical structure and thermal stability. Nonetheless, these were also found anomalous in elemental distribution throughout the layer structure of the CRFs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑玻璃贴膜新技术

建筑玻璃贴膜具有隔热节能、安全防爆、易装贴、隔紫外线等特点,作为建筑节能的新技术,市场潜力大,发展前景广阔。文章从传统建筑节能的技术出发,比较了玻璃贴膜的节能优势,简要介绍了玻璃贴膜的原材料、制备工艺、玻璃贴膜分类以及玻璃贴膜的发展状况。     

Dip coated nanostructured ZnO thin film: Synthesis and application

The preparation and characterization of highly selective room temperature ammonia sensorusing nanostructured dip coated ZnO thin films were discused. A highly viscous precursor solution was prepared using Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate as a starting material and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a thickening agent. Morphology and structure of the annealed films were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Diffractometer characterization techniques. The presence of zinc and oxygen in the sample was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy The gas sensing behavior of ZnO thin films was studied at room temperature. It exhibited very high selectivity and excellent sensing towards ammonia gas. Further, sensing behavior towards other gases like ethanol and formaldehyde and the various concentrations of NH₃ were studied.     

钛铁试剂共振散射法测定废胶片中的银含量

在p H 3.5的B-R(Britton-Robinson)缓冲溶液中,钛铁试剂(Tiron)和Ag(Ⅰ)在室温下发生配位反应,使得体系在323 nm处产生1个较强的共振散射峰。在优化实验条件下,体系的共振散射强度增加值(ΔI)与Ag(Ⅰ)的质量浓度(0.010~4.0μg/m L范围内)呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为27.4 ng/m L。该法操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好,用于废胶片中Ag含量的测定,回收率为96.8%~98.7%。     

Interaction dynamics of a spherical particle with a suspended liquid film

Hydrodynamics of collision interactions between a particle and gas‐liquid interface such as droplet/film is of keen interest in many engineering applications. The collision interaction between a suspended liquid (water) film of thickness 3.41 ± 0.04 mm and an impacting hydrophilic particle (glass ballotini) of different diameters (1.1–3.0 mm) in low particle impact Weber number ( ) range (1.4–33) is reported. Two distinct outcomes were observed—particle retention in the film at lower Weber number and complete penetration of the film toward higher Weber number cases. A collision parameter was defined based on energy balance approach to demarcate these two interaction regimes which agreed reasonably well with the experimental outcomes. It was shown that the liquid ligament forming in the complete penetration cases breaks up purely by “dripping/end pinch‐off” mechanism and not due to capillary wave instability. An analytical model based on energy balance approach was proposed to determine the liquid mass entrainment associated with the ligament which compared well with the experimental measurements. A good correlation between the %film mass entrained and the particle Bond number ( ) was obtained which indicated a dependency of Bo^1.72. Computationally, a three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate these interactions using different contact angle boundary conditions which in general showed reasonable agreement with experiment but also indicated deficiency of a constant contact angle value to depict the interaction physics in entirety. The computed force profiles from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suggest dominance of the pressure force over the viscous force almost by an order of magnitude in all the Weber number cases studied. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 295–314, 2016     

影响降膜蒸发器关键设计参数的因素分析

降膜蒸发器是一种高效并被广泛应用的关键设备。介绍了蒸发器的设计计算逻辑及数学模型,分别计算了系统压力、单管液体流量、强制循环量以及管径管长对蒸发器设计的影响,并对分析结果进行分析和比较,得出系统压力是影响蒸发器规模的主要因素。提高系统压力可大幅度降低蒸发器规模,降低投资成本。在保证蒸发器最低液体流量前提下,选用较低的单管液体流量和较大的强制循环比可以提高系统的稳定性能。     

Preparation and performance of PANI–PVA composite film doped with HCl

The polyaniline (PANI)–poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film doped with HCl was prepared by adopting PVA as matrix. Effects of PVA content and film drying temperature on properties of HCl–PANI–PVA composite film were studied. A comparison was made for tensile strength, elasticity, conductivity and thermal stability of PVA, HCl–PANI or HCl–PANI–PVA. PVA film presented the highest tensile strength and elasticity (150.8?MPa and 300.0%), but its conductivity was the lowest. The conductivity of HCl–PANI–PVA was the highest (1500?S?m^?1), and tensile strength and elasticity of HCl–PANI–PVA were higher than those of HCl–PANI. The order of their thermal stability is PVA?>?HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA before 260°C, and the order of their thermal stability is HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA?>?PVA after 260°C. At the same time, the structure and conductive mechanism of composite materials were characterised and analysed through infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

N掺杂TiO_2/Ti液膜光催化处理染料废水

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂Ti O2膜电极(N-Ti O2/Ti),并优化了制备条件。结果表明,n(N)∶n(Ti)=0.84∶1、经450℃煅烧2.5 h制得的膜电极光催化性能最佳;与Cu电极组装斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光下考察光催化反应的影响因素。得出最佳降解条件为:初始p H=2.50,废水流量为85 m L/min,Na2SO4质量浓度为0.5 g/L,此条件下处理20 mg/L苋菜红120 min,脱色率可达90.1%;膜电极的重现性与重复性结果表明,6片电极60 min的脱色率为78.1%±4.0%;一片电极经6次循环60 min脱色率比初次减少了7.9%。