Assessing the sustainability of non-renewable brackish groundwater in feeding an RO desalination plant in Bahrain

The Rus-Umm Er Radhuma aquifer in Bahrain is a non-renewable source of brackish water (8-15 g/L), which forms a lens underlain everywhere with brines of over 100 g/L. Aquifer utilization has started in 1984 to feed a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, with an economic life of 25 years (2010). Future plant upgrade strategy is formulated around boosting the plant production, which will require increasing the we llfield abstraction, in addition to a possible future rehabilitation program to extend the plant life by another 15 years (2025). The limiting factor in expanding the RO plant and its rehabilitation is the future feed water salinity, which have to be assessed before any investments are made to expand the RO plant and commission additional abstraction wells and implement the rehabilitation program. The aquifer management is based on mining a one-time brackish water reserve stored in the aquifer, the main management objective is stated as to sustain the aquifer future availability in feeding the desalination plant with a specified salinity limit of 20 g/L over the economic life of the plant of 25 years (1985-2010), and also over the plant extension period by rehabilitation (2010-2025). The stochastic analysis methodology utilizing conditional simulation is applied to conduct a risk assessment of violating these two pre-specified sustainability constraints under the proposed abstraction increase; and provided a tool to aid the decision-making process in the development and management of the aquifer under large uncertainties. Simulation results indicated that the risk of having the salinity of the wellfi eld produced water to increase due to the proposed increase in the wellfield abstraction to reach 20 g/L over the economic life of the plant (2010) is very small and minimal. However, it is questionable that the feed water salinity will be maintained under the proposed rehabilitation program to extend the plant economic life by another 15 years (2011-2025). For this option, it is recommended that model post-auditing be performed, and new updated predictions should be made as more data of potentiometry. salinity. and hydraulic parameters become available.     

用循环经济理念自主创新治理DSD酸氧化废水的新路

本文阐述了在循环经济理论指导下,依靠科技进步自主创新改革氧化工艺,开创了治理DSD酸氧化废水的新路:源头上减少资源的投入,实现″减量化″;末端采用资源化处理技术,回收废水中有用的资源,实现″再利用″、″再循环″。成功的解决了曾经困扰DSD酸行业发展的老大难问题,促进了我国DSD酸工业的发展,从DSD酸生产和出口大国正发展成为强国。     

Effect of test frequency and water content on localized crack-tip heating in nylon-6,6

Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted at various frequencies on nylon-6,6 specimens equilibrated over a range of moisture levels to determine the crack growth rates and the crack-tip temperatures as a function of water content. Frequency-sensitivity was correlated with the amount of crack-tip heating taking place, with crack-tip temperature being found to depend strongly on the estimated loss compliance, D″, of the material. The frequency-sensitivity of FCP in nylon was seen also to be affected by mean stress, suggesting that creep processes are often significant in FCP of nylon.     

中央空调的水处理

本文扼要介绍了中央空调循环冷却水和冷冻水系统中常见的问题及其原因,并对冷却水和冷冻水的处理程序作了初步的阐述.     

Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride

Different structured activated carbons were prepared from Terminalia arjuna nuts, an agricultural waste, by chemical activation with zinc chloride for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The most important parameter in chemical activation was found to be the chemical ratio (activating agent/precursor, g/g). Carbonization temperature and time are the other two important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. A high surface area of was obtained at a chemical ratio of 300%, carbonization time and temperature of 1 h and 500 °C, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentrations. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum removal of chromium was obtained at pH 1.0 (about 99% for adsorbent dose of 2 g/l and 10 mg/l initial concentration).     

纯化水系统中灭菌方法的应用及比较

分别采用二氧化氯溶液和臭氧水溶液对制药厂纯化水系统的贮罐和管道进行灭菌处理,比较灭菌效果和操作过程,最终认定臭氧水溶液灭菌方法在灭菌效率和水资源节约等方面优于二氧化氯溶液,适用于制药厂水系统管路、贮罐的灭菌处理.     

传统水浴提取紫甘蓝红色素动力学研究

本文通过分析传统水浴提取紫甘蓝红色素的传质机理,建立了提取过程中紫甘蓝红色素得率与各工艺条件的动力学模型。经验证,所建立的动力学理论模型与实测数据相吻合,可良好地模拟色素提取过程,用于指导工业生产。     

原水微量金属锰含量的测定

提出应用甲醛肟分光光度法测定原水中微量金属锰含量的方法,并对可能的干扰进行了讨论,对方法的精密度和准确度进行实验。此方法准确,简便,适用于公司竹浆生产选择含氧漂白工艺生产控制分析。     

洁净煤（水煤浆）用高效分散悬浮剂的制备

通过选用特定的小分子单体,采取分段聚合方式,合成具有特定官能团的化合物,用作水煤浆分散悬浮剂。     

现代紫外C消毒技术在污水处理中的应用

本文介绍了紫外消毒技术的原理及系统组成等,并以福州经济技术开发区污水处理厂应用紫外消毒技术为例,探讨紫外消毒技术在污水处理中的应用,以杀菌效率及经济技术指标分析,表明紫外消毒技术具有高效广谱杀菌、运行稳定、安全可靠、占地面积小、成本低、大水量连续运行、无污染等特点.是其它传统的消毒手段所无法比拟的.