中间包干式料的发展概况及其结合剂的选择

采用无机盐作为无碳干式振动料的结合剂,可满足冶炼碳含量比较低的钢种的需要,使用烘烤时,对环境无污染;抗侵蚀性能良好、容易解体、结合强度和中温强度均可满足脱模要求和使用要求;提高中间包的使用寿命。采用几种配合使用,可以达到所预期效果。     

合成铸铁的研究及应用

由于合成铸铁中废钢加入量大，增碳技术成为其生产的关键。着重从增碳原理、成分、合成铸铁熔炼工艺进行了探讨，并介绍了合成铸铁力学性能和金相组织。     

荧光增白剂ER合成的改进及其分散液的制备

用苯溶解邻氰基氯苄，再与亚磷酸三乙酯进行酯化反应，合成荧光增白剂ER。改进方法与原方法相比，不仅节省了反应时间，而且酯化反应产率提高了18－23％。用合成的荧光增白剂ER制备了其水分散液。     

Manipulation of the ash flow temperature and viscosity of a carbonaceous Sasol waste stream

In 2001 Sasol investigated the possibility to convert a Sasol-Lurgi MK III fixed bed dry bottom coal gasifier at the former Sasolburg coal-to-liquids plant to a slagging gasification process and selected the Lurgi Multi Purpose Gasification (MPG) process for this purpose. At the time the MPG process was considered as a possible technology option suitable for the gasification of feedstocks which are difficult to manage, for example solid-liquid mixtures which are unsuitable for conventional solids or liquids processes and furthermore tars with a large variety of properties and high solids content have been gasified successfully.The most obvious differences between the feedstocks previously gasified, compared to the Sasol dusty tar, were found to be the viscosity and melting point of the dusty tar. The viscosity of the Sasol dusty tar mixture (as received) was higher than a factor of 10 of the previously used feedstocks. Another important feedstock property is the ash melting point of the feed within the gasifier. Ash particles fed with the tar melt in the high temperature zone of the flame. Molten ash particles, which hit the gasifier wall, will solidify and stick to the wall, if the wall temperature is below the melting point of the ash. The melting point of the dusty tar ash is 1380 °C and a fluxing agent has to be added to the dusty in order to reduce the melting temperature below 1250 °C to limit excessive wear of the refractory lining.Two approaches were evaluated in order to lower the viscosity, i.e. milling of the dusty tar and addition of low viscosity feedstocks to the dusty tar. It was concluded from this study that the viscosity of dusty tar can be decreased with the addition of specific waste solvent streams. The ash fusion temperatures of dusty tar can be lowered with the addition of a fluxing agent. The addition of spent Fe-catalyst as fluxing agent was also investigated, but was found to be not as effective as limestone. In some cases the addition of Fe can cause the acid/base ratio to change in such a way that the ash fusion temperature increases.In conclusion it can be highlighted that the ash flow temperature and viscosity of the Sasol dusty tar stream, and possibly other carbonaceous sources as well, can be decreased to acceptable values for slagging gasification applications. The results clearly show in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres the Fe-catalyst was transformed into the slag melt as either Fe₂O₃ under oxidizing conditions and FeO under reducing conditions. The slag showed no sign of metallic Fe and was very homogeneous under oxidizing and reducing conditions. Spent Fe-catalyst can be discarded in a safe and environmentally acceptable way during high temperature gasification.     

荧光增白剂在洗涤剂中的应用及其发展

介绍了荧光增白剂的增白机理、基本结构类型、毒理及生态安全性。荧光增白剂在洗涤剂中的典型用量为0.15%。详尽描述了荧光增白剂在洗涤剂中的作用及影响因素，并分析了国内外荧光增白剂的市场及市场发展趋势。     

Hydrogen production by photoreforming of formic acid in aqueous copper/TiO2 suspensions under UV-simulated solar radiation at room temperature

A new photocatalytic system consisting of two subsystems – Cu⁰/Cl⁻/H⁺/UV_ssr and Cu^II/H⁺/TiO₂/formic acid/UV_ssr – is proposed as a tool to produce hydrogen by reforming an organic species. Formic acid is used as hole scavenger during the experimental runs. An experimental campaign is carried out to demonstrate that the systems can generate hydrogen and to assess how the generation rate depends upon experimental conditions such as copper and TiO₂ loads, chloride and proton ions, and formic acid concentrations. A strong dependence of the Cu⁰/Cl⁻/H⁺/UV_ssr subsystem reactivity upon copper load, chloride concentration and pH is observed. The investigation on the complete system, starting from zero-valent copper, indicates that the addition of TiO₂ and formic acid to the Cu⁰/Cl⁻/H⁺/UV_ssr subsystem does not result into any gain in terms of hydrogen produced and, renders the system totally unreactive under some conditions. On the other hand, when a complete system, starting from cupric ions, is adopted, hydrogen production is observed also for prolonged reaction times with a surplus of hydrogen production with respect to that generated by the Cu⁰/Cl⁻/H⁺/UV_ssr subsystem with the same Cu⁰ starting load and in absence of TiO₂ and sacrificial agent.     

城市污水处理升级改造中化学除磷原理及费用

就城市污水处理升级改造中化学除磷原理及费用进行了分析和介绍，指出化学药剂与污水中的磷通过化学反应形成不溶性磷酸盐以沉淀、过滤等方式得以去除。污水中磷浓度越高，化学药剂的利用率也越高，反之亦然；出水磷浓度要求越低，则去除单位磷的化学药剂量越大。     

无皂硅丙胶乳表面施胶剂的制备及对纸张的增强作用

以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)作自交联单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为高分子胶体稳定剂,苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体采用无皂种子聚合制备了稳定性好、性能优异的无皂硅丙乳液表面施胶剂,并优化了合成工艺条件。结果表明,当w(MAA)=2%~3%,软硬单体比例n(BA)/n(St)=2~2.5,w(PVA)=10%~15%,w(KH570)=5%时,无皂硅丙乳液表面施胶剂具有优异的施胶效果;以质量分数为1.0%的聚合物乳液进行表面施胶时,纸张施胶度可达14.5 s,表面强度达3.69 m/s,耐折度3300次。     

利用废酸、废渣制造聚合硫酸铁的研究

介绍了一种以工业废渣－炼钢烟尘为主要原料，辅以化工厂废硫酸而制成高效无机絮凝剂－聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的新方法。阐述了其制备的方法、特点和其产品各项指标的分析结果及在废水处理中的应用。