重叠综合征的治疗进展

重叠综合征治疗的重点在于2种疾病中每个疾病治疗效果最大化,其客观目标包括纠正患者的睡眠片段化、降低住院率与病死率,主观目标在于改善患者机体功能、睡眠及生活质量。目前重叠综合征患者主要依靠气道正压通气治疗,维持通气量改善换气功能。氧疗作为辅助通气治疗措施能够缓解低氧状态。药物治疗的关键在于扩张支气管,清除分泌物,降低炎症反应以改善通气功能。同时,日常活动锻炼及生活饮食习惯在其疾病的治疗措施中不可或缺,对改善患者的运动功能及提高生活质量有重要的辅助作用。     

Systematic review of anaemia and inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This systematic review synthesizes the relevant published articles on the prevalence of anaemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its relationship with inflammatory markers. The upregulation of erythropoietin in anaemia maintains homeostasis. However, anaemic COPD patients do not respond to increased levels of erythropoietin. The increased levels could be an indicator of the peripheral erythropoietin resistance in COPD. Anaemia and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in these patients. The understanding of anaemia in chronic inflammation is that anaemia is at least partially due to the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to improvements in the management, prognosis, and survival of patients with COPD and anaemia.     

Quantitative tissue velocity imaging evaluation of ventricular function in obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome in children

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in left and right ventricular functions of children with obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) and to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment for OSAHS in children. The subjects included 20 normal controls and 55 children of OSAHS with adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG). We divided the children with OSAHS into the mild group, moderate group and severe group of OSAHS according to the condition of apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) and the lowest of oxygen saturation (LSaO₂). In mitral annulus,the Va values were increased in moderate and severe OSAHS (P > 0.05), and the Ve/Va values were decreased in the severe group (P > 0.05), while the Vs values were not changed (P > 0.05). In tricuspid annulus, the Vs values were decreased in moderate and severe OSAHS (P < 0.05), while the Ve, Va and Ve/Va values were not changed (P > 0.05). Six months after adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, mitral Va values were decreased and tricuspid Vs values were increased significantly (P < 0.05), and AHI was decreased and LSaO₂ was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, no difference was found in the above parameters (P > 0.05). The left ventricular diastolic function and the right ventricular systolic function of children with moderate to severe OSAHS are decreased to varying degrees at an early stage. Mitral annular and tricuspid annular velocity detected by quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) could sensitively reflect the early changes of left and right ventricular function. Adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were effective methods to treat childhood OSAHS, which could reverse myocardial dysfunction.     

Noise pollution and annoyance: An urban soundscapes study

Since 1972, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared noise as a pollutant. Over the last decades, the quality of the urban environment has attracted the interest of researchers due to the growing urban sprawl, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of noise exposure in six urban soundscapes: Areas with high and low levels of noise in scenarios of leisure, work, and home. Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in two steps: Evaluation of noise levels, with the development of noise maps, and health related inquiries. 180 individuals were interviewed, being 60 in each scenario, divided into 30 exposed to high level of noise and 30 to low level. Chi-Square test and Ordered Logistic Regression Model (P < 0,005). 70% of the interviewees reported noticing some source of noise in the selected scenarios and it was observed an association between exposure and perception of some source of noise (P < 0.001). 41.7% of the interviewees reported some degree of annoyance, being that this was associated with exposure (P < 0.001). There was also an association between exposure in different scenarios and reports of poor quality of sleep (P < 0.001). In the scenarios of work and home, the chance of reporting annoyance increased when compared with the scenario of leisure. We conclude that the use of this sort of assessment may clarify the relationship between urban noise exposure and health.     

微信在儿科健康教育中的运用

目的：探讨现代网络通讯手段微信引入儿童健康教育中的效果。方法：将160例2~6岁儿科住院患儿随机分成为微信组和对照组各80例。微信组在病房健康教育的基础上加上微信,对照组为病房健康教育,无微信。比较两组健康教育的知晓度。结果：微信组健康教育优于对照组的知晓度（P<0.05）。结论：以现代化网络通讯微信为平台,能很好的提高住院病人对健康教育的知晓度,从而提高整个护理服务质量。     

棉袜固定小儿患者外周静脉留置针的效果评价

目的:探讨减少小儿患者静脉留置针的针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针的概率,延长外周静脉留置针的时间.方法:将150例静脉留置针输液患者随机分成3组各50例.A组留置针穿刺成功后用3M透明敷料固定和胶布外固定,B组外用弹力绷带包扎固定,C组外用小儿自己的棉袜包扎固定.比较3组外周静脉留置针的针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针情况和留置时间.结果:B、C组针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针比A组明显下降,留置时间明显长于A组.结论:外用小儿自己的棉袜包扎固定,延长了患儿外周静脉留置针的时间,减轻了患儿的痛苦,同时减轻了护士的工作量,减少了患儿的经济费用,医护、患者及其家属均易接受.     

孕妇睡眠信念和态度及其对睡眠质量的影响

目的：探讨孕妇的睡眠个人信念和态度及其对睡眠质量的影响。方法针对孕前妇女200人,孕早期妇女200人,孕中期妇女156人,孕晚期妇女244人,使用睡眠个人信念和态度量表及阿森斯失眠量表进行横断面调查。结果①年龄大、情绪不稳定、有不良产史的妇女睡眠个人信念和态度量表得分越低( t值分别为-2.900、-2.310、-2.805,P值分别为0.004、0.009、0.005),文化程度低、睡眠个人信念和态度量表得分低的妇女孕期失眠乐观得分越低(t值分别为3.866、3.550,P值分别为0.000、0.005);②多因素分析显示：睡眠个人信念和态度量表得分及孕期失眠乐观分低仍是孕期失眠的危险因素( OR值分别为0.931、0.726,均P<0.001);③失眠孕妇中寻求治疗的占12.6%。结论建议在孕期健康教育中,纠正孕妇非理性的睡眠个人信念和态度,建立对孕期失眠的正确认识;对失眠孕妇包括提供心理治疗和适当药物治疗的干预。     

Pro-inflammatory and (Epi-)genetic markers in saliva for disease risk in childhood obesity

Background and aimChildhood obesity is an emerging problem often leading to earlier onset of non-communicable diseases in later life. Biomarkers to identify individual risk scores are insufficient in routine clinical practice, which is related to the need for easily sampled, non-invasive survey methods in children. We aimed to investigate and strengthen possible pro-inflammatory markers and epigenetic risk factors in saliva of obese children compared to lean controls.Methods and results19 overweight/obese (OC, 10.1 ± 1.9 years, BMI 27.7 ± 3.2 kg/m²) and 19 lean control children (CC, 9.7 ± 2.5 years, BMI 16.4 ± 1.8 kg/m²) participated in this explorative pilot study. Anthropometric measures, saliva and cheek swab samples were taken. Saliva profiles were examined for acute phase proteins (CRP and neopterin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17a/IL-1β/IL-6). Cheek swabs were analyzed to investigate DNA methylation differences with subsequent hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses (PCA). Saliva analysis showed significant increased CRP concentrations in OC compared to CC (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences, but high intra-individual values in neopterin, IL-17a, IL-1β and IL-6. An unsupervised PCA of CpG loci with high variance (σ/σ_max > 0.2) clearly separated OC and CC according to their methylation pattern. Furthermore, a supervised approach revealed 7125 significantly differentially methylated loci, whose corresponding genes were significantly enriched for genes playing roles in e.g., cellular signalling, cytoskeleton organization and cell motility.ConclusionsCRP and methylation status determinations in saliva are suitable as non-invasive methods for early detection of risks for non-communicable diseases in children/adolescents and might be a useful supplementary approach in the routine clinical practice/monitoring.     

Obstructive Colitis with Minor Perforation Induced by Double Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma

A 72-year-old women was referred to our hospital because of lower left abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed prominent sigmoid colon dilation and double tumors on both the oral and anal sides. Surgical resection revealed an expanded sigmoid colon involved in double cancer that showed strong adhesion to the surrounding tissues. The pathological findings revealed obstructive colitis and minor perforation in the dilated colon. The minor perforation was considered to have been caused by fecal impaction in the closed cavity between the two tumors, resulting in an increase in colon pressure.