青岛小珠山花岗岩岩石谱系单位划分及其主要特征

青岛小珠山花岗岩体为中生代偏碱性侵入岩,过去通称小珠山岩体,通过15万区域地质填图,将其划分为15个单元,划归为大店和崂山两个超单元.对各单元的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素特征等进行了分析研究,认为应属A型花岗岩,为燕山晚期之产物.     

基于规范知识的隧道围岩快速分类

总结公路隧道设计规范中的围岩分类知识,运用专家系统技术,开发了一个隧道围岩分类程序SUROC,初步应用于实际工程表明程序可用于公路隧道围岩实时、快速分类。     

济阳坳陷特低渗透油藏地质多因素综合定量分类评价

在定量表征特低渗透油藏开发效果及地质特征的基础上,探讨特低渗透油藏开发效果主控地质因素。应用灰色关联分析法对济阳坳陷特低渗透油藏开展地质多因素综合定量分类评价,形成了一套以开发效果表征特低渗透油藏综合特征、从单井到区块基于灰色关联分析的特低渗透油藏地质多因素综合定量分类评价方法。研究结果表明,济阳坳陷特低渗透油藏主要为滩坝砂、浊积岩、砂砾岩沉积,具有埋藏深度大、粒度细、分选较好、孔喉微细、单层厚度薄、分布零散、比储量丰度低、流动性差的地质特点。定义累积产油差表征开发效果以反映特低渗透油藏综合特征,其主控地质因素为油层厚度层数比、砂岩厚度层数比、平均粒径、采油段中深、渗透率、孔隙度、比储量丰度。通过地质多因素综合定量分类评价,将济阳坳陷特低渗透油藏分为3类：Ⅰ类综合评价分数大于0.6,累积产油差大于4 500,开发效果最好;Ⅱ类综合评价分数0.4~0.6,累积产油差-2 500到4 500,开发效果中等;Ⅲ类综合评价分数小于0.4,累积产油差小于-2 500,开发效果差。利用不同区块已有开发数据检验,分类评价结果与实际生产情况一致性良好。Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类特低渗透油藏应该作为现阶段特低渗透油藏直井、水平井优先开发的对象。     

松辽盆地西部张裂缝预测的应力场方法

以松辽盆地地质资料为基础，介绍了应力场和张裂缝预测的计算方法。通过了各种岩性的张破裂概率隶属函数，预测松辽盆地酉部张裂缝区的分布。据此，为今后的油气勘探提出了几点认识和建议。     

Bed-load transport rate based on the entrainment probabilities of sediment grains by rolling and lifting

A function for the bed-load sediment transport rate is derived. This function is obtained by using the entrainment probabilities of the rolling and lifted sediment grains, and by introducing two travel lengths, respectively. The predictions from the new bed-load function agree well with experimental results over the entire experimental range and show significant improvement over the commonly used formula for the bed-load transport rate. The new function shows that, in terms of contributing to the bed-load transport rate, the total entrainment probability of the sediment grains is a weighted summation of those for the lifted and rolling grains, rather than a simple addition of the two. The function is also used to predict the total entrainment probability, saltation length, and the bed layer thickness at a high bed-load transport rate. These predictions all agree well with the experimental results. It is found that, on average, the travel length for the rolling sand grains is about an order of magnitude less than that of the lifted grains.     

多源遥感数据在新疆卡拉麦里地区岩矿识别中的应用

遥感技术广泛应用于地质基础调查、矿产资源勘探、环境评估和地质灾害调查等方面。它已从多光谱发展到高光谱阶段,Landsat-8是目前最具有代表性和最常用的多光谱数据,ASTER具有高的分辨率和多波段特征,资源一号02D(ZY1-02D)卫星是我国2019年发射的高光谱业务卫星。为了更好地了解多源遥感数据在岩矿识别中的作用,在新疆东天山卡拉麦里地区进行了相关研究。结果表明：Landsat-8 OLI的PCA变换结果清晰识别了研究区不同的岩性和地层;使用Landsat-8 OLI、ASTER和ZY1-02D高光谱数据,分别采取不同的图像端元提取方法,在进行光谱分析的基础上,利用光谱角填图（SAM）即可得到研究区的主要矿物分类图件。通过野外验证,应用GIS技术进行集成和分析,修正相关图件后,便得到了精准的矿物分类综合图。研究表明：多源遥感数据的集成在岩矿识别方面效果良好、前景巨大。     

江西武功山花岗岩地貌特征与成因

江西武功山花岗岩穹窿构造地貌景观类型具有多样性、典型性,具有极高的美学价值、科学价值和旅游开发价值。武功山花岗岩地貌类型可划分为花岗岩风化壳高山草甸、花岗岩侵蚀构造地貌、花岗岩流水侵蚀地貌和花岗岩崩塌堆积地貌等,而且每一类型又有多种微地貌景观,具有显著的集聚性特征,主要集中在金顶、明月山和羊狮幕地区,空间上可分为4个梯度,分别为中心高山草甸带、中心边缘构造侵蚀地貌区、外围峡谷、孤峰、瀑布、温泉区、武功山主山体前缘区。花岗岩穹窿构造核部及外缘区域的花岗岩地貌发育模式和发育阶段具有明显差异,反映了武功山不同山体单元多期差异性隆升后,在亚热带气候环境下,流水溯源侵蚀、构造、岩体性质等内外营力对原始地貌面的差异性作用过程。本研究不仅可为花岗岩穹窿构造地貌景观空间展布规律和地貌特征的研究提供有效借鉴,而且可为武功山地区地学科普、地质遗迹保护等提供支撑。     

基于分类与形态综合的高分辨率影像建筑物提取方法研究

本文提出了一种基于分类和形态综合的高分辨率影像建筑物提取方法。主要研究的是基于高分辨率影像多尺度分割的面向对象人工地物分类方法,并以此为基础提取房屋,实现房屋位置、范围的初步自动化提取。最后,对提取的地物图斑的精确边界利用Hough变换提取直线边缘轮廓线,并以此为基础进行轮廓拟合和制图综合,从而得到规则的、方形组合的建筑物形状信息。     

Multi-Scale Texture Modeling

Patterns of crystallographic preferred orientation are referred to as texture. The specific subject of texture analysis is the experimental determination and interpretation of the statistical distribution of orientations of crystals within a specimen of polycrystalline material, which could be metals or rocks. The objective is to relate an observed pattern of preferred orientation to its generating processes and vice versa. In geosciences, texture of minerals in rocks is used to infer constraints on their tectono-metamorphic history. Since most physical properties of crystals, such as elastic moduli, the coefficients of thermal expansion, or chemical resistance to etching depends on crystal symmetry and orientation, the presence of texture imparts directional properties to the polycrystalline material. A major issue of mathematical texture analysis is the resolution of the inverse problem to determine a reasonable orientation density function on SO(3) from measured pole intensities on , which relates to the inverse of the totally geodesic Radon transform. This communication introduces a wavelet approach into mathematical texture analysis. Wavelets on the two-dimensional sphere and on the rotational group SO(3) are discussed, and an algorithms for a wavelet decomposition on both domains following the ideas of Ta-Hsin Li is given. The relationship of these wavelets on both domains with respect to the totally geodesic Radon transform is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the Radon transform of these wavelets on SO(3) are again wavelets on . A novel algorithm for the inversion of experimental pole intensities to an orientation density function based on this relationship is developed.