Tectonic Setting of the Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong Volcanic Rocks, Northern Thailand Based on Petrochemical Characteristics

The inferred Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong volcanic belt is composed of felsic to mafic volcanic rocks and their pyroclastic equivalents. Almost all the least-altered mafic volcanic rocks are lava flows; a few might have occurred as dykes. These mafic volcanic rocks are non-foliated to weakly foliated, and mostly have porphyritic textures. The phenocrysts/microphenocrysts in porphyritic samples are commonly plagioclase, and may include clinopyroxene, olivine, Fe-Ti oxide, apatite and amphibole. The matrix of lava flows ranges texturally from felty to trachytic but a few samples show felty to ophitic/subophitic, and glassy textures, whereas that of possible dyke samples is holocrystalline. The primary matrix constituents are largely plagioclase and variable proportions of clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, amphibole, olivine, apatite, quartz, alkali feldspar and/or glass. All the studied samples have been subjected to greenschist-facies regional metamorphism. Chemically, the samples show narrow ranges of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios and range compositionally from dacite to basalt of tholeiitic series. These samples are chemically analogous to those of the Tertiary andesite from Sardinian Rift, Sardinia, Italy, particularly in terms of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios. Accordingly, the studied mafic volcanic rocks are interpreted to have formed in a continental volcanic arc. However, the problem related to the geometry of plate convergence, giving rise to the continental volcanic arc, still exists.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Basalts in the Tuyon Basin, South Tianshan Mountains

1. Introduction The Tianshan Mountains is a typical intercontinental orogenic belt in the world. From late Carboniferous to Permian, the old Tianshan formed during the tectonic amalgamation of the Tarim block, Tianshan block and Siberia craton (Carroll et al, 1990). Mid-Cenozoic basalts are widely distributed in both the Tuyon basin of southwest Tianshan and its western part of Tianshan in Jierjisi in late Cretaceous-Paleogene period, which indicates the activation of the old Tianshan.…     

智利科皮亚波GV地区侵入岩地球化学及年代学研究

智利北中部科皮亚波GV地区位于中生代铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床与斑岩铜矿过渡带。侵入岩体主要为辉长闪长岩、闪长岩、闪长斑岩、黑云母花岗岩、斑状花岗岩和二长岩。岩石地球化学特征说明该侵入岩体属于钙碱性、I型或磁铁矿系列,来源于深部上地幔。推测这些岩浆岩岩石组合形成于洋壳俯冲带,局部扩张与挤压转换导致弧后盆地萎缩封闭并快速抬升。岩浆侵入具有多期次活动,形成了多期次热液活动中心,并发育面型与脉带型蚀变矿化分带,地表具有寻找大型IOCG矿床前景。地表泥化-绿泥石-多孔状硅化网脉和含金银多金属铁锰碳酸盐化网脉发育,含金银多金属网脉状-带状和面型蚀变区揭示地表有浅成低温热液型金银多金属矿床;深部具有寻找隐伏斑岩型铜金矿床前景。今后需在该区加强蚀变矿化分带规律研究,进行深部找矿预测。     

Negative Ce Anomaly in the Indian Banded Iron Formations: Evidence for the Emergence of Oxygenated Deep-Sea at 2.9-2.7 Ga

Abstract: Major and rare earth element contents are reported for Late Archean banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Bababudan Group of the Dharwar Craton, South India. The BIFs are mostly composed of SiO₂ (average1ρ = 54.88.1 wt%) and Fe₂O₃* (44.38.2 wt%). The Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents are remarkably low, suggesting that detrital components were starved during the BIF deposition. The BIFs have a LREE-enriched pattern with a relatively high (La/Yb)_N (6.644.07). Total REE concentrations (RE) vary from 5.2 to 65.3 ppm. The REE patterns are characterized by the presence of a very large negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce*: 0.13-0.83) and a positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*: 0.96-2.45). The Eu/Eu* decreases and (La/Yb)_N increases with a increase of RE. These correlations of REE indices are similar to those of modern hydrothermal iron-rich sediments near a mid-ocean ridge (MOR). Greenstones associated with the BIFs have MORB-like geochemical features. These geochemical and geological lines of evidence indicate that the depositional site of the BIFs was remote from a continent and/or island arc and that the BIFs were in situ hydrothermal sediments near a MOR. A striking negative Ce anomaly in the BIFs indicates that oxygenated deep-sea environments emerged at 2.9-2.7 Ga. The existence of contemporaneous Mn deposits in the Dharwar Craton supports this assertion. Our scenario of oxygen in the Earth's surface of the Late Archean is different from long-held notion that the atmosphere and ocean were persistently anoxic throughout the Archean.     

中国西部新生代火山活动及其大地构造背景——青藏及邻区火山岩的形成机制

在青藏高原及邻区考察了新生代火山岩 ,并对西藏的 5个火山岩省进行了岩石学和同位素地球化学的综合研究 ,探讨了火山岩的源区特征。西昆仑省喷发了钠质熔岩 ,而其它省均为钾质熔岩类 ;甘肃礼县新生代盆地主要以超镁铁质熔岩为主 ;云南的金沙江北段、腾冲以及滇东南的火山岩类在岩石组合、喷发时代和意义上独具特色。文中以陆内俯冲、岩石圈深部的大地构造演化 ,特别是“壳幔过渡带”的部分熔融 ,对它们的成因及科学意义进行了综合讨论。     

小秦岭地区金矿床成矿构造地球化学动力学研究

小秦岭地区金矿床与构造有着密切的关系 ,不同方向的断裂中元素富集规律不同 ,构造带中流体是十分活跃的。构造动力成矿作用主要有动热退变质作用、剪切 -扭动裂隙成矿作用、构造带内岩石与流体交换作用、构造扩容带成矿作用 ,这些成矿成晕作用均发生在特定的构造动力学系统中     

内蒙古四子王旗头号岩体锆石U-Pb同位素年代、岩石成因及构造意义

头号岩体位于华北板块北缘,西拉木伦河缝合带以南,侵位于新太古代变质花岗岩中,被晚侏罗世钾长花岗岩所侵入。通过LA-ICP–MS锆石U-Pb测年获得了(236.2±9.6)Ma(MSWD=3.6)的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄,应代表其侵位年龄。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,ω(SiO2)为73.09%⁷6.96%,ω(Na2O+K2O)为8.14%76.96%,ω(Na2O+K2O)为8.14%⁸.95%,A/CNK为1.03%8.95%,A/CNK为1.03%¹.13,标准矿物计算中各样品均出现刚玉(C),σ值为1.951.13,标准矿物计算中各样品均出现刚玉(C),σ值为1.95².54,为过铝质岩石、高钾钙碱性岩石系列。稀土元素蛛网图中,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,Eu为明显的负异常,大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,高场强元素亏损(HFSE),Zr/Hf比值偏离较大,为S型花岗岩,并且岩浆作用后期可能与高温含水流体发生了相互作用。头号岩体形成于造山晚期向造山期后转变的构造体制下。结合前人区域研究资料,认为华北板块与西伯利亚板块已沿西拉木伦河缝合带闭合。     

Geochemistry of the Jinman Vein—Type Copper Deposit,Western Yunnan Province,China——I.Element Geochemical Characteristics

The Jinman copper deposit,which is situated on the northern margin of the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin,western Yunnan Province,is a silver-bearing,high-grade vein-type copper deposit.Comprehensive element geochemical studies of the host rocks and hydrothermal minerals revealed the regularities in the distribution,mobilization and transport of elements from the host rocks to hydrothermal minerals.In conjunction with the fluid inclusion and isotope data,it is suggested that the ore-forming fluid was derived mainly from a deep source characterized by CO2 enrichment and reduction in nature.It is also suggested that the oreforming materials come largely from a deep source.although the contribution of the country rocks should not be ruled out.It is also found that some hydrothermal minerals are possessed of MREE-enrichment patterns.It is deduced that the REEs in the deep-source ore fluid were transported in the form of CO3^2- complexes and were deposited in a continental basin(or a hot-spring basin).     

山西高家山铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

山西沁源县高家山铝土矿床是山西省地质调查院于2013年发现的大型铝土矿床。本文通过对高家山铝土矿的研究,分析并研究铝土矿样品的稀土元素含量和地球化学特征,探讨稀土元素对于本区铝土矿成因和环境的指示意义。研究表明:该区铝土矿体的ΣREE总量较大,轻稀土元素相对富集,具有明显的Eu负异常;利用稀土元素图解大致反映出底板碳酸盐岩是本区铝土矿床的主要物质来源,铝土矿形成于被动大陆边缘地带海相或海陆过渡相环境。ΣREE与Al2O3含量相关性不大。本区矿床稀土元素含量达到或超过综合利用标准,具有巨大的潜在经济价值。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿区成矿斑岩的岩石地球化学特征与年代学

乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床位于国内重要的二连东乌旗钼矿成矿带中,为近几年新发现的斑岩型钼矿床.本次就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及其U-Pb年代学开展相关研究.结果表明: 矿区中的成矿岩体属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有与南岭型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,与乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床成矿有关的花岗斑岩形成于中侏罗世((160 ± 1)Ma).因此,可推测乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床斑岩型钼矿的成矿时代为燕山早期.综合研究认为乌和尔楚鲁图斑岩型钼矿床形成于后碰撞的构造环境.