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61.
M. Kavvadas B. Papadopoulos N. Kalteziotis 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(2):87-112
Summary The paper describes an investigation of the geotechnical properties of the Ptolemais lignite (brown coal) and shows that the soil mechanics principles used in the study of natural and cemented soils are applicable. The material has a high and variable void ratio incompatible with its preconsolidation pressure, which may be attributed to the existence of structure (chemical bonding). Bond strength and degradation have been studied and are found to be isotropic, while the stress-strain response in the prevield domain is intensely cross-anisotropic. The shear strength determined from triaxial CU and CD tests is variable but strongly dependent on the in situ moisture content. Tests on high quality intact specimens having a wide range of moisture contents (100–150%) verify a hypothesis that the magnitude of bond strength (expressed by the peak shear strength) is inversely proportional to the moisture content. A Hvorslev-type normalization process shows that the peak shear strength of the material can be estimated from the in situ moisture content with reasonable accuracy, thus facilitating preliminary stability calculations of production cuts in lignite mines. The properties of the Ptolemais lignite are compared with the properties of a lignite from another location in Greece (Megalopolis) and an Australian lignite (Morwell). It is shown that the shear strength characteristics of the lignite types studied are similar and strongly dependent on the in situ moisture content, which seems to be a measure of the magnitude of inter-particle bonding. 相似文献
62.
不同围压下冻结黄土胶结行为的离散元分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
鉴于冻土中冰的胶结作用在冻土力学性质方面的重要作用,在三维离散元法中,采用黏结发生在有限范围内的模型来考虑冰的胶结作用,对不同围压下冻结黄土的胶结行为进行了数值研究。结果表明:数值模拟的应力-应变曲线与试验数据吻和较好;颗粒接触刚度、平行黏结刚度和强度均随着围压增大而线性增大,但摩擦系数随围压增大而减小;力链、位移和孔隙率与围压的响应关系呈现出统一性。同时,也分析了冰胶结作用影响下的冻土细观变化与宏观力学行为之间的响应关系。这对于促进离散元法在冻土领域内的应用具有积极的作用。 相似文献
63.
研究花岗岩残积土压缩变形过程中微观结构的演化规律,对于深入理解风化土的变形机制、结构特性对其力学性质的影响,建立微观结构特征与宏观力学行为的联系均有重要意义。对厦门花岗岩残积土原状样与重塑样进行了一维压缩试验,对不同荷载作用下的试样进行扫描电子显微镜测试,提取表征颗粒团聚体与孔隙的体积、形状与定向性等微观结构参数,对比分析这些微观结构参数在压缩变形过程中变化的规律,提出了花岗岩残积土的压缩变形机制。结果表明:厦门花岗岩残积土具有明显的胶结效果,压缩曲线呈现明显的弯点,当荷载超过拟先期固结压力后,压缩曲线逐渐向固有压缩曲线(ICL)靠近;原状土的压缩变形主要由大孔隙压缩引起,而重塑土是大、中孔隙向小孔隙转化;原状土的颗粒团聚体具有相对较差的圆度,随着压缩变形逐渐增大,颗粒团聚体形状向偏圆形发展;压缩变形会引起颗粒团聚体向垂直于加载应力方向偏转,造成颗粒团聚体定向性增加。花岗岩残积土的压缩变形机制可归结为微观结构的不断自我调整以趋达到稳定有序状态。该研究可为我国南方地区的花岗岩残积土的基础变形分析提供理论支撑。 相似文献
64.
改良土中土颗粒和水化物形成具有一定结构的聚合体而表现出较强的结构性。与重塑正常固结土相比,改良土的结构性更强且具有一定的超固结比。在变形发展过程中,由于聚合体结构逐渐破坏,黏聚强度逐渐损失,土体表现出应变软化的力学特性。基于适用于超固结重塑黏土的统一硬化模型,引入改良土黏聚强度及其随塑性变形的演化规律,对统一硬化参数进行了修正,并采用更适用于改良土的非关联的流动法则,建立了一个可以较好地描述改良土力学特性的弹塑性本构模型。通过与水泥改良土和石灰改良土的三轴剪切排水试验的结果进行对比,该模型能够较为合理地描述改良土加载过程中黏聚强度损失对其力学特性的影响。黏聚强度的存在导致土体表现出超固结土的特性,当黏聚强度损失时会加剧土体的软化速度。 相似文献
65.
进行压汞试验和SEM-EDS试验研究复合改性前后水玻璃加固黄土,分析其孔隙分布特征、颗粒和孔隙形态以及胶结物形态和化学元素含量,探讨宏观力学特性与微观特征的联系。压汞测试结果表明,改性前后加固黄土具有相近的孔隙分布特征,入口孔径主要分布在0.06~8 ?m之间,大、中、小和微孔隙分界值分别为8、2、0.06 ?m,加固时生成的凝胶填充作用不显著。SEM-EDS测试结果表明,改性后黄土仍保持其粒状、架空、接触-胶结结构不变,但加入硅酸钾材料后黄土颗粒表面变得粗糙并吸附有絮状物,EDS数据显示K元素含量随着硅酸钾掺入量的增加而增大,且试样无侧限强度与K元素百分含量正相关。研究还表明,土的颗粒联结强度和结构形态特征是导致黄土宏观力学性质差异的本质原因,在复合改性水玻璃加固黄土时在保持黄土架空孔隙基本不变的前提下,生成的含K凝胶在改变颗粒表面形态的同时强化了骨架颗粒之间的连接强度,从而改善了土体的强度。 相似文献
66.
This paper focuses on the formative processes of limestone pseudoconglomerates in the Gushan and Chaomidian Formations (Late Cambrian) of the North China Platform, Shandong Province, China. The Gushan and Chaomidian Formations consist mainly of limestone and shale (marlstone) interlayers, wackestone to packstone, grainstone and microbialite as well as numerous limestone conglomerates. Seventy‐three beds of limestone pseudoconglomerate in the Gushan and Chaomidian Formations were analysed based on clast and matrix compositions, internal fabric, sedimentary structures and bed geometry. These pseudoconglomerates are characterized by oligomictic to polymictic limestone clasts of various shapes (i.e. flat to undulatory disc, blade and sheet), marlstone and/or grainstone matrix and various internal fabrics (i.e. intact, thrusted, edgewise and disorganized), as well as transitional boundaries. Limestone pseudoconglomerates formed as a result of soft‐sediment deformation of carbonate and argillaceous interlayers at a shallow burial depth. Differential early cementation of carbonate and argillaceous sediments provided the requisite conditions for the formation of pseudoconglomerates. Initial deformation (i.e. burial fragmentation, liquefaction and injection) and subsequent mobilization and disruption of fragmented clasts are two important processes for the formation of pseudoconglomerates. Burial fragmentation resulted from mechanical rupture of cohesive carbonate mud, whereas subsequent mobilization of fragmented clasts was due to the injection of fluid materials (liquefied carbonate sand and water‐saturated argillaceous mud) under increased stress. Storm‐wave loading was the most probable deformation mechanism, as an external triggering force. Subsequent re‐orientation and rounding of clasts were probably prolonged under normal compactional stress. Eventually, disrupted clasts, along with matrix materials, were transformed into pseudoconglomerates by progressive lithification. Soft‐sediment deformation is prevalent in alternate layers of limestone and mud(marl)stone and/or grainstone, regardless of their depositional environments. 相似文献
67.
Hydrocarbon seepages bring oil and gas from petroleum reservoirs to the surface, these hydrocarbons can generate various kinds of rock alterations, including bleaching of red beds and mineralogical changes. Satellite and airborne remote sensing techniques have been utilized in the detection of rock alterations and hydrocarbon seepages; however, they have limited resolutions and are unable to map vertical outcrops. Ground-based remote sensing techniques hold great potential to characterize rocks with great precisions and resolutions. This study used ground-based Specim hyperspectral data to detect hydrocarbon-induced rock alterations of the Rush Springs sandstone at the Cement field in southeast Anadarko basin, Oklahoma. Hyperspectral data of outcrops and hand specimens were examined, and spectral angle mapper technique was used to compare spectral similarity between image pixels and reference spectra. Laboratory spectroscopy was used to assist with mineral identification and image classification. Remote sensing data detected bleaching of red beds and carbonate cementation. Combining lithological, spectroscopic, remote sensing and geochemical data, this study built a model for petroleum seepage and related rock alterations, and provided a workflow for employing remote sensing techniques in resource exploration. 相似文献
68.
S. G. CHUNG K. NAGENDRA PRASAD T. S. NAGARAJ J. G. CHUNG K. Y. JO 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-2):1-20
It Naturally cemented soft clays have components of strength and stiffness, which cannot be accounted for by classical soil mechanics (Leroueil and Vaughan 1990). This stems from the influence of structure caused by cementation due to environmental factors. It is necessary to evaluate the cementation bond strength at preyield and postyield stress levels of loading, to understand comprehensively the observed response from micromechanic considerations. This helps to better understand and evolve approaches to model the constitutive behavior in a consistent manner, according to the physical phenomenon of formation of cementation as an additional component to what is otherwise normally regarded as frictional behavior arising only from particulate nature of clays. Comparing the behavior of deep deposits of Pusan soft clays under stress with corresponding response of the same clay in its remolded state, it has been possible to take into account particulate and nonparticulate responses. The evolution of cementation bonding is modeled for different Pusan clays with the yield stress in oedometer compression as a normalizing parameter for obtaining the generalized relationship of cementation bonding with increase in stress. The already established model for determining the remolded behavior is appropriately modified to assess the behavior influenced by cementation. The model proposed consists of parameters, which are determined in routine investigations. 相似文献
69.