吉南中侏罗世花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及Hf同位素组成

古太平洋构造体系控制了东亚大陆边缘的形成和演化,但关于古太平洋板块俯冲的开始时间以及精细过程仍存在争议。和龙市石人村位于吉林南部,地处华北板块北缘东段,是研究古太平洋演化的有利区域。本文对研究区内花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Hf同位素研究。结果表明：锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为(173±1) Ma,属中侏罗世;岩石具有高Mg^#（65.23~65.92）,异常高w(Sr)（(1 657~2 467)×10^-6）,低w(Y)（(7.50~7.98)×10^-6）、w(HREE)的特征,非常类似于低硅埃达克岩,反映了其初始岩浆来源于板片熔融交代的地幔楔。该类型岩石的发现暗示在173 Ma左右区域存在非常热的俯冲作用,可能是斜向俯冲或洋脊俯冲所致,也意味着中侏罗世早期古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲方向发生了偏转或俯冲方式发生了转变。然而,石人村花岗闪长岩又不同于典型的低硅埃达克岩,其w (SiO₂)=61.13%~62.31%,明显大于埃达克岩的56%,在野外和镜下均观察到岩浆混合作用的痕迹,反映岩浆在侵位过程中经历了岩浆混合作用开放体系的演化过程。     

Magmatic history during late Carboniferous to early Permian in the North of the central Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt: a case study of the Houtoumiao pluton,Inner Mongolia

We undertake zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes, and geochemical analyses of the Houtoumiao pluton in the Xilinhot microcontinent (XLMC) in the central Inner Mongolia with an aim of determining their ages, petrogenesis, and sources, which are important for understanding the late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt. The Houtoumiao pluton consists of medium-grained granodiorite, coarse- and medium-grained syenogranite. Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are common in the Houtoumiao pluton. Zircon U–Pb dating has yielded ages of 303 ± 2 and 301 ± 2 Ma for the granodiorite, 295 ± 2 Ma for the syenogranite, and 292 ± 1 Ma for the MMEs. The granodiorite and syenogranite have features of high-K high silica content, rich in Rb, U, and Th, but low content of HFSE, belong to calc-alkaline series. The P₂O₅ concentration decreases with the increasing SiO₂ content, suggesting I-type affinity. The MMEs, which are characterized by low SiO₂, relatively high and variable TiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO^T, MgO, CaO, Ni, and Cr contents, also have much higher total rare earth element concentrations that the REE patterns are subparallel to those of the host rocks. Zircons from the host rocks have ε_Hf(t) values from +3.91 to +7.73 and T_DM2 values of 820–1067 Ma, suggesting that the granitoids were probably dominated by remelting of juvenile crust materials. The MMEs are of ε_Hf(t) value ranging from +6.23 to +11.04 and T_DM1 values from 490 to 693 Ma, suggesting that the primary magma probably was derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle, the mafic mineral fractional crystallization and crustal contamination occurred during the magma evolution. Combined with previous studies on the contemporaneous magma-tectonic activities in the Uliastai Continental Margin and XLMC, we suggest that the Houtoumiao pluton formed in a post-orogenic setting.     

Insights into petrogenesis of the Jálama pluton (Central Iberian Zone,western Spain)

The Jálama pluton (JP) is a Variscan peraluminous granitoid that intruded into low-grade metasediments from the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). It comprises a sillimanite-bearing two-mica monzogranite in the inner zone, followed by a tourmaline-bearing two-mica monzogranite, and a marginal tourmaline-muscovite leucogranite in the northern half of the pluton. Microgranitoid enclaves and metasedimentary xenoliths occur locally in monzogranites. The change in rock type from the central monzogranite to the marginal leucogranite corresponds to decreasing TiO₂, MgO, FeO, CaO, Sr, Ba, Zr, and ΣREE, and increasing SiO₂, Na₂O, P₂O₅, Rb, Li, Cs, Ta, Sn, and W. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios in biotite, muscovite and tourmaline increase with increasing Fe/(Fe+Mg) in bulk rock, suggesting an important control of the bulk-rock composition on mineral chemistry. The high peraluminosity, the low CaO and high P contents, as well as the similarity of ε(Nd)₃₀₀ values in both the granites and metasediments of the southern CIZ constitute strong evidences for a crustal origin of the granite suite, probably by melting of these metasedimentary rocks. Field and petrographic observations, together with mineralogical and geochemical data, suggest that assimilation and mingling/mixing acted in concert with fractional crystallization during the formation of the JP. These processes may also have been important in the evolution of other granitoids from this region.     

伊犁盆地南缘琼博拉二长花岗岩锆石年代学及形成动力学机制

西天山造山带内琼博拉地区的长条状岩体位于伊犁盆地南缘,由二长花岗岩组成。为厘定该二长花岗岩的形成机制,本文对该二长花岗岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石年代学研究揭示出琼博拉地区二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(330.5±2.2)Ma、(339.7±2.2)Ma、(351.2±3.0)Ma,为早中石炭世花岗岩,比伊犁盆地511矿床含矿砂体的U-Pb同位素等时线年龄(308±26Ma)老,表明该二长花岗岩体可能是该含矿砂体的一部分物质来源。岩石主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素测试结果揭示该二长花岗岩具有以下特征:(1)SiO_2(70.15%~73.38%)含量高,碱质(K_2O+Na_2O含量为6.32%~7.88%)含量较高,A/CNK(0.82~1.03)较高,表明二长花岗岩为准铝质岩石,属于高钾钙碱性系列;(2)LREE(50.19×10~(-6)~87.92×10~(-6))相对富集,HREE(9.44×10~(-6)~12.08×10~(-6))相对亏损,无明显Eu异常(δEu为0.71~0.97);(3)富集Rb、Th、K、Pb和Sr等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、P和Ti等高场强元素;(4)初始锶同位素比值为0.7050~0.7082,143Nd/144Nd值为0.512217~0.512254,ε_(Nd)(t)为0.3~1.0,Nd模式年龄为1010~1098 Ma。二长花岗岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成表明该岩石是由幔源玄武质岩浆与地壳重熔形成的硅铝质岩浆混染形成。结合区域构造演化,本文认为二长花岗岩形成于板块的同碰撞构造环境。     

滇西马厂箐复式岩体岩浆混合作用:岩石学与地球化学证据

滇西马厂箐铜矿区含矿斑岩体中的暗色包体与其寄主富碱花岗斑岩具有相似的地球化学的特征。寄主花岗斑岩Si O2含量为65.10%~70.60%,Al2O3为14.65%~17.55%,Mg O为0.80%~1.70%,Ca O为0.43%~1.92%,Na2O+K2O为8.25%~12.23%。受混染包体Si O2为62.50%~77.30%,Al2O3为10.00%~15.70%,Mg O为0.75%~3.82%,Ca O为0.86%~2.15%,Na2O+K2O为7.68%~10.22%。二者稀土配分曲线都是典型的右倾型配分模式,轻重稀土分馏明显,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土。寄主岩具有高Sr(392.00×10-6~919.00×10-6)、低Y(10.10×10-6~17.10×10-6)、低Yb(1.00×10-6~1.40×10-6),高Sr/Y(33.24×10-6~104.43×10-6)、高(La/Yb)N(36.08×10-6~89.09×10-6)特点;暗色包体也具有高Sr(314.00×10-6~652.00×10-6),低Y(7.20×10-6~15.10×10-6)、低Yb(0.60×10-6~1.50×10-6)特征。通过对混染MME地球化学特征分析,结合前人对未混染或弱混染包体的研究资料,提出马厂箐复式岩体和其中的MME可能与该地区地幔玄武岩的底侵作用有关,而这种玄武岩底侵导致的不同岩浆混合作用可能是马厂箐铜矿的部分成矿条件。     

Petrogenesis of a Late Jurassic Peraluminous Volcanic Complex and its High-Mg, Potassic, Quenched Enclaves at Xiangshan, Southeast China

A late Mesozoic belt of volcanic–intrusive complexes occursin SE China. Volcanic activity at Xiangshan in the NW of thebelt took place mainly in the Late Jurassic (158–135 Ma).The volcanic rocks from the Xiangshan volcanic complex includerhyolitic crystal tuffs, welded tuffs, rhyolite lavas, porphyriticlavas, and associated subvolcanic rocks. Mineral assemblagesin these magmatic rocks include K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz,Fe-rich biotite and minor amphibole, orthopyroxene and almandine.Mineral geothermometry indicates a high crystallization temperature(>850°C) for the Xiangshan magmas. The volcanic rocksare generally peraluminous; SiO₂ contents are between 65·4%and 76·8% and the samples have high alkalis, rare earthelements (REE), high field strength elements and Ga contentsand high Ga/Al ratios, but are depleted in Ba, Sr and transitionmetals. Trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd–O isotopesystematics imply that the Xiangshan magmas were probably derivedfrom partial melting of Middle Proterozoic metamorphic lower-crustalrocks that had been dehydrated during an earlier thermal event.These features suggest an A-type affinity. Quenched mafic enclaves,hosted by the subvolcanic rocks, consist mainly of alkali feldspar,plagioclase, clinopyroxene, phlogopite and amphibole. Geothermometrycalculations indicate that the primary magmas that chilled toform the quenched enclaves had anomalously high temperatures(>1200°C). The quenched enclaves have boninitic affinities;for example, intermediate SiO₂ contents, high MgO and low TiO₂contents, high Mg-numbers and high concentrations of Sc, Ni,Co and V. However, they also have shoshonitic characteristics,e.g. enrichment in alkalis, high K₂O contents with high K₂O/Na₂Oratios, high light REE and large ion lithophile element contents,low initial _Nd values (–4·2) and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Srratios (0·7081). We suggest a phlogopite-bearing spinelharzburgitic lithospheric mantle source for these high-Mg potassicmagmas. Underplating of such anomalously high-temperature magmascould have induced granulite-facies lower-crustal rocks to partiallymelt and generate the Xiangshan A-type volcanic suite. A back-arcextensional setting, related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacificplate, is favoured to explain the petrogenesis of the Xiangshanvolcanic complex and quenched enclaves. KEY WORDS: volcanic complex; quenched enclaves; petrology; geochemistry; back-arc extension setting; Xiangshan; SE China     

Understanding Ethnic Residential Cluster Formation: new perspectives from South Australia’s migrant hostels

ABSTRACT

Throughout Australia’s history, successive governments have lamented the clustering of non-English-speaking migrants in ‘ethnic enclaves’ or ‘ghettos’. From the early Chinatowns of the 1800s till today, urban concentrations of ethnic groups have raised concerns and fears in local populations and authorities alike, despite decades of international research which suggests that ethnic residential clusters actually aid long-term assimilation and adjustment. Many of the ethnic residential clusters in contemporary Australia have been claimed to be a direct consequence of the migrant hostels and reception centres which operated between 1948 and the 1990s. This paper traces migrant settlement patterns in South Australia in rich detail, revealing the complexities of lived experiences that shape migrant settlement decisions. Against the background of public and scholarly debates over ‘ethnic enclaves’, and drawing on quantitative and qualitative historical research on the lived experiences of former hostel migrants, it analyses how migrant hostels and reception centres contributed to the settlement experiences of diverse migrants. We conclude that migrant hostels were just one among various factors that led to the growth and maintenance of ethnic residential clusters.     

Geochemistry of microgranular enclaves and host granite from Telões (Vila Pouca de Aguiar), Northern Portugal

At Telões, a subaluminous medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite, crops out along the Vila Real NNE–SSW fault. It is a post-tectonic granite of 299±3 Ma old given by U–Pb isotopic data on zircon. It contains metaluminous to subaluminous tonalitic, granodioritic and monzogranitic enclaves. All granitoids have Fe²⁺-biotite and some enclaves contain magnesiohornblende and subsolidus actinolite. Monzogranitic enclaves show obvious similarities to the host granite. Linear array between enclaves and host granite is observed in Rb–Sr typical isochron diagram and gives the age of 286±11 Ma and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀=0.7063±0.0011. Microgranular enclaves have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of the hosting granite. Microgranular enclaves are hybrid rocks probably formed by mixing between a tonalitic enclave magma and a host granite magma as supported by the modelling of major and trace elements. The similar isotopic signatures suggest a subsequent partial equilibration of the enclaves and granite magmas.     

西准噶尔地区乌散岩体成因：来自年代学、岩石学和地球化学的证据

西准噶尔地区广泛发育古生代中酸性侵入岩,部分岩体中含有暗色微粒包体,这些岩浆岩的年代学、地球化学研究对于西准噶尔地区的岩浆混合作用机制及其区域构造演化的研究具有重要意义。乌散岩体位于西准噶尔中部,岩体包含寄主岩石石英二长岩及暗色包体石英角闪二长岩。石英二长岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb谐和年龄为280.0±3.8Ma,表明其成岩时代应为早二叠世。里特曼指数δ为3.27~3.36,寄主岩石属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石中Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、P、Zr、Hf相对富集,Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏明显。在Y+Nb-Rb、Y-Nb构造环境判别图解中,乌散岩体石英二长岩落入板内花岗岩投点范围内,显示具有后碰撞花岗岩的特征。由于该岩体成岩年龄明显晚于该地区蛇绿岩、岛弧火山岩以及含矿斑岩体年龄,而与后碰撞伸展环境中形成的A型花岗岩和双峰式火山岩的形成年龄相近,证明此时该地区大洋可能已经闭合,因此地球化学和区域构造特征指示乌散岩体可能形成于后碰撞构造环境。乌散岩体中暗色微粒包体广泛发育,寄主岩石与包体相互包裹,多为截然接触关系。钾长石斑晶横跨寄主岩石及包体,包体中发育的针状磷灰石,表现出岩浆混合的岩相学特征,寄主岩石与包体中不同矿物的SiO_2含量与其他主量元素含量呈良好的线性关系,表现出较好的亲缘关系,说明两者的矿物成分变化与岩浆混合有关。     

内蒙古凉城蛮汗山石榴石二长花岗岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及成因讨论

内蒙古凉城地区的石榴石二长花岗岩20世纪70年代初1∶20万区域地质调查时归入太古代早期侵入岩(γ11(2)),岩石定名为中粗粒似斑状花岗岩,称蛮汗山岩体。1∶25万区调将其划分为弱片麻状石榴二长花岗岩、弱片麻状变斑状含黑云石榴二长花岗岩等不同地质单元。为进一步研究该石榴石花岗岩的形成时代,本文对弱片麻状变斑状含黑云石榴二长花岗岩中锆石进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb测年研究,获得其U-Pb年龄值(1933.3±9.8)Ma,为石榴石二长花岗岩原岩的形成年龄。岩石化学、地球化学分析表明该石榴石二长花岗岩为新太古界孔兹岩系部分熔融的产物,为强过铝S型花岗岩。结合已有的年龄数据推断,1900~2000 Ma(古元古代中期)华北克拉通曾发生过大规模的构造岩浆热事件。