云南龙陵勐糯铅锌矿床中镉元素赋存状况

矿床中镉元素异常明显,以硫镉矿、不规则粒状、脉状充填嵌布于闪锌矿中。提出矿石生成顺序,为进一步找矿提供新依据。     

同源火成岩稀土分布特征新探索——以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗和青海沱沱河等地火成岩为例

通过对内蒙古西乌皡穆沁旗和青海沱沱河等地不同基性火成岩的稀土特征研究,形成了主要依据重稀土特征的高度相似来判断火成岩样品是否同源的观点,这点特别适合于中基性的岩石,而对于酸性岩石则常常轻稀土和重稀土都是基本平行或者重合的。这一稀土特征有利于以后更好地判断火成岩的同源性。此外,后期的蚀变及风化也对同源火成岩(尤其是基性岩)的轻稀土影响较大,这点也要求尽量以重稀土特征相似来判断岩石的同源性。     

三峡树坪滑坡动力学的有限元模拟

三峡工程是迄今为止最大的水利工程,对库区滑坡灾害的监测和机制研究一直是重要的研究课题。本文利用Terra SAR-X的强度图进行相关计算,求解出2009年5月20日至8月5日期间三峡树坪滑坡的形变场。该形变场特征和树坪滑坡体的地形特征吻合甚好,位移大小、方向和三峡大学对滑坡体的野外观测结果基本吻合。以此高精度位移场为外部约束,结合野外观测资料对滑坡体介质力学性质进行分类并选取边界条件,利用有限元方法对滑坡活动进行动力学计算模拟。计算过程中对滑坡体的滑动面形状、因降雨引起材料参数变化和三峡水库水位等因素分别反演和调整,得出符合其变形和发展过程的滑坡动力学特征。发现软弱带的物性参数决定滑坡体总体滑动量,滑坡体的物性参数决定位移分布的峰值位置。在确定了滑坡动力学特征之后,进一步讨论降雨和库区水位下降对滑坡产生的贡献权重,得出降雨是树坪滑坡的决定因素。     

Long-term deformation and fluid-enhanced mass transport in a Variscan peridotite shear zone in the Ivrea Zone,northern Italy: a microtextural,petrological and geochemical study of a reactivated shear zone

The microtextural, petrological and geochemical study of a ductile shear zone in the phlogopite peridotite of Finero/Ivrea Zone (northern Italy) reveals the long-term deformation of this zone. The zone is divided into a protomylonitic and an ultramylonitic part. Both parts reflect different periods of deformation, although the orientation of the mineral lineations does not change. In the coarse-grained part (period 1) the deformation started under granulite facies conditions (about 775°C). Olivine, ortho- and clinopyroxene and phlogopite recrystallized dynamically. In the ultramylonitic part relics of the granulite facies event and evidence for a continuous or two-stage deformation history under amphibolite facies (minimum 640°C) to upper greenschist facies conditions (maximum 520°C) are preserved (period 2). Amphibolite facies conditions are indicated by olivine recrystallization, the monoclinization of orthopyroxene porphyroclasts and the recrystallization and chemical changes of clinopyroxene. The greenschist facies final stage of period 2 is characterized by decreased X _{CO 2} and the syntectonic formation of antigorite, tremolite and phlogopite at the expense of recrystallized and porphyroclastic olivine and pyroxene. Between both deformation periods a short break in deformation continuity is probable. Continuous deformation or reactivation in shear zones of the Ivrea Zone has not been described so far. During the granulite facies shearing, small amounts of channelized fluid flow led to a slight mass transfer. The shear zone shows a moderate enrichment of Na, Ba, Cu, Cs, H₂O and CO₂ and a small loss of P. The mass balance of the ultramylonite indicates a significant increase in mass transport. A mass gain can be inferred for H, Na, K, Ba, Al, Ti, P, S, Cs, Sr, Rb, C, Zn, Zr, S, Sc, light rare earth elements, Nb, Cl and Au. The zone is depleted in Ca, Cu, Co, F and Ni. Si, Mg, Cr, Mn, Y, Nb and V are constant within analytical error. Deformation and fluid infiltration led to a change in volume which increases during the granulite facies event by 5.7% and during the lower temperature phase by 3.3%. The calculated fluid to rock ratios by standard equations results in unrealistically high values. For the interpretation of highly deformed rocks with drastic grain size reduction it is therefore necessary to consider the enhanced diffusion, which is mainly controlled by the increased grain boundary surface.     

江西宁冈岩体的形成时代、地球化学特征及其构造意义

宁岗岩体是湘赣交界部位呈南北向展布的加里东花岗岩带的重要组成部分,它主要由二长花岗岩组成。锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为433.8±2.2Ma,属于加里东期岩浆活动产物。虽然宁冈岩体的SiO₂含量变化明显(67.46%~74.85%),但它们的ACNK值都大于1.1,钾大于钠(K₂O/Na₂O=1.36~2.37),CaO/Na₂O比值大于0.3,富集Rb、Th、Cs,亏损Nb、Ta、Ba、Sr,LREE富集 (LREE/HREE=5.8~12.2)和Eu亏损相对明显(δEu=0.28~0.61)。同时,它们还具有较低的ε_Nd(t)值(-9.3~-8.6)、较高的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值(0.71172~0.71937)和古老的Nd模式年龄(1838~1909Ma)。这些特征表明,宁冈岩体属于典型的壳源型花岗岩,很可能是在华夏古陆残块与扬子地块之间发生陆-陆碰撞拼贴而引发的地壳伸展-减薄的构造背景下, 通过砂质岩石部分熔融的方式形成。     

安徽黄梅尖地区地面伽玛能谱钾差量异常特征及与铀成矿关系分析研究

铀成矿信息提取和识别是当前铀矿地质找矿工作的研究热点之一.本文利用地面伽玛能谱钾测量数据,采用差量法对铀成矿信息进行提取,结果显示,黄梅尖地区钾差量正值域与负值域呈不均匀面状展布,且具有跨越不同侵入期次岩石单元现象,钾差量亏损场与铀矿床(点)的空间位置显示较好的对应关系,反映了铀成矿作用与钾差量亏损场具有成因联系.结合野外地质调查、显微岩石学和元素地球化学对比研究表明,钾差量亏损场的形成是成矿流体与围岩作用导致水云母、钠长石、绿泥石交代钾长石的结果,是一个铀元素富集、钾质含量流失的过程;依据钾差量亏损场可大致圈定与铀成矿密切相关的"褪色"蚀变作用的空间分布范围,进一步突显了岩体内带铀矿找矿的有利信息,缩小了找矿靶区;初步划分白虎山地段和黄龙桥-4340矿点一带两处铀成矿有利地段,对下一步岩体内带铀矿找矿工作具有重要的指示作用.     

Microanalysis of metals in barbs of a snow petrel (Pagodroma Nivea) from the Antarctica using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence

For the first time synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microanalysis was performed throughout the total length of 4 single barbs from the primaries and secondaries of a snow petrel (Pagodroma Nivea) collected in the Antarctica. Thirteen elements (S, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ba, Hg and Pb) were detected somewhere in the barbs. Variations in levels of these elements within and among the barbs were obvious, indicating nonuniform microscale distributions. Factors influencing the fluctuations of the levels of the elements were investigated using a multivariate statistical analysis method. Five factors (F1 being associated with high loadings of Ca, Sr, and Ni, F2 with high loadings of Fe and Ba, F3 with high loadings of Se and Hg, F4 with high loadings of Ca and K, and F5 with high loadings of Zn and Pb) were found to explain about 80% of the total variance. Results from the factor analysis suggested external contamination of Fe, Ba, Pb, Zn and Hg on the feathers of the snow petrel.     

Filtrate Quality from Different Filter Operations

A brief review of the literature on filtrate quality obtained in constant and variable declining rate operation systems is presented, with the general conclusion that both systems usually produce filtrate of similar quality, assuming the flow‐rate controllers in the constant flow rate system operate properly. A mathematical model of CR (constant rate) filters and VDR (variable declining rate) filters based on the model by Mackie and Zhao (1999) has been described and used to investigate filtrate quality under different operating conditions. A similar quality of filtrate was achieved in computations carried out for both modes of operation, while the total head loss was much lower in the VDR mode. For the same time of filter runs slightly better filtration quality resulted from CR operation, but for different filter runs resulting from the same head loss of flow just before a backwash, the VDR control system produced lower turbidity filtrate.