太行山北段王安镇杂岩体岩石学、年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

王安镇杂岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩、石英闪长岩、二长闪长岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩分别形成于129±2.7Ma和128.3±1.9Ma,说明该杂岩体形成于早白垩世。王安镇杂岩体具有高Sr/Y比值(3.63~83.5),和高Sr(373×10-6~821×10-6),及低Y(7.36×10-6~22.21×10-6)、Yb(0.95×10-6~1.27×10-6)含量的地球化学特征,这与埃达克岩相似。该杂岩体具有相对低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0.706538~0.709484)和明显偏低的εNd(128Ma)值(-18.4~-12.8)。结合太行山中生代中-基性侵入岩中地幔包体已有的研究成果,认为具有高Sr/Y特征的王安镇杂岩体是在下地壳发生大规模拆沉的基础上,随着软流圈上涌其所携带的热促使加厚基性下地壳发生部分熔融,之后熔融岩浆在上升的过程中发生了角闪石的结晶分异和岩浆混合作用形成。     

大兴安岭南段海西期花岗岩类锆石U-Pb年龄、元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学:岩石成因及构造意义

大兴安岭南段位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间的缝合-造山带(中亚造山带)的东段,该区广泛分布有海西期花岗岩类。已有的年代学研究表明这些花岗岩类的侵位时代集中于320~240Ma,但对该区海西期花岗岩类岩石成因及成岩背景研究的一些关键问题的看法仍不一致且存在争论。本文选取大兴安岭南段拜仁达坝等10个典型地区的海西期花岗岩类为研究对象,对其进行系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究,以探讨岩浆作用的时间、岩石成因以及构造意义。锆石U-Pb定年表明,这些花岗岩类的侵位时间为323~240Ma。据地球化学特征,该区花岗岩类可分为两类:Ⅰ类花岗岩的SiO_262.00%,Al_2O_315.00%,MgO含量较低(均2.40%);其具有较高的Sr含量(最高达700×10~(-6))、低的Y和Yb含量(分别为≤18.1×10~(-6)和1.70×10~(-6))和较高的Sr/Y比值(均20),LREE相对HREE强烈富集,显示弱的Eu异常,与经典的埃达克岩的特征相似;Ⅱ类花岗岩的SiO_257.00%,MgO和Al2O3含量范围较大(分别为0.25%~4.12%和10.55%~16.58%),绝大多数样品显示高钾钙碱性特征,Sr含量相对较低(12.2×10~(-6)~334×10~(-6)),Y和Yb含量相对较高(分别为14.1×10~(-6)~40.1×10~(-6)和1.27×10~(-6)~4.58×10~(-6)),Eu异常明显,相对富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,可归为弧岩浆岩。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素结果表明,弧岩浆岩可能来源于交代(富集)地幔楔,而埃达克岩则来源于下地壳的熔融。综合前人研究认为,在晚泥盆世-中二叠世古亚洲洋洋内俯冲作用形成了区域上广泛发育的弧岩浆岩(弧下加厚地壳熔融形成~320Ma埃达克岩);晚二叠世-早三叠世,华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞缝合;之后至早-中三叠世,大量后碰撞花岗岩侵位,同时下地壳拆沉并熔融形成了本区250~240Ma埃达克岩。中亚造山带东段(至少大兴安岭地区)海西期造山及岩浆作用可能开始于晚泥盆世,结束于中三叠世,时间持续约140Myr,其造山作用显示独特性。     

新疆西天山莫斯早特石英钠长斑岩铜矿床——一个与埃达克质岩石有关的铜矿实例

与埃达克岩石有关,在环太平洋地区发现了大型、超大型斑岩型铜矿床.本文提供了一个产于中亚成矿域新疆西天山的莫斯早特铜矿床研究的实例.含矿岩体为石英钠长斑岩,岩体主量、微量元素地球化学特点与埃达克质岩石一致富Na、Al;高Sr,低Y;Sr/Y＞40,亏损HREE;La/Yb＞20;Eu为正异常(δEu/Eu*为～1.27).全岩40Ar/39Ar年龄268±5Ma,Rb-Sr年龄248±12Ma,K-Ar年龄254.5Ma,属中晚二叠世.矿体呈脉状、网脉状;围岩蚀变为绿帘石化、青盘岩化和黄铁矿化.铜品位1%～5%,主要工业矿物为辉铜矿、斑铜矿.矿石富含Ag(5.35～240μg/g)、Pb(0.01%～0.16%)、Zn(0.26%～2.40%)、Au(0.02～0.16μg/g).矿石矿物S同位素δ34S为-6.0‰～5.81‰,平均-0.28‰;辉铜矿、斑铜矿和孔雀石的207Pb/204Pb为15.46～15.77,206Pb/204Pb为18.01～18.42,属造山带与地幔Pb之间;矿石矿物包裹体的818O-2.54‰～-8.11‰,δDH2O-68.9‰～-98.8‰,属岩浆水与大气降水之混合.矿石矿物的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.70596,(143Nd/146 Nd)i为0.512403,εNd(t)为+1.5,其Sr-Nd同位素组成及同位素年龄与合矿埃达克质石英钠长斑岩一致.含矿埃达克质石英钠长斑岩形成于后碰撞阶段,属由碰撞、挤压向伸展、拉张转变的构造动力学格架转折期.埃达克岩浆的较高温度、压力、富挥发分、较高氧逸度和岩浆快速上升,可能是其成矿的重要控制因素.     

燕山造山带中段中晚侏罗世中酸性火山岩的成因及其意义

燕山造山带中段(冀北下板城)中晚侏罗世髫髻山组火山岩主要由粗安岩和粗面岩组成。火山岩具有高的SiO_2(>55％)、Al_2O_3(15.70％～17.55％)、Na_2O(3.79％～5.42％)、Na_2O K_2O(5.99％～9.38％)、CaO(2.31％～6.48％)和低的MgO(≤4.01％,Mg~#≤0.50),高Sr(428～816μg/g)及Na_2O/K_20比值(一般1.11～1.88),轻稀土元素富集,Sr/Y和Rb/Sr比值低。其中,粗安岩相对亏损重稀土元素(Yb_N<8.5,Y<19μg/g),Y/Yb(12.62～15.06)和(Ho/Yb)_N(1.23～1.50)比值较高,Eu负异常不明显(Eu/Eu~*=0.90～0.95),具有埃达克岩地球化学特征。我们认为髫髻山组粗安岩起源于大陆下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,粗面岩为粗安岩浆结晶分异的产物。     

滇西剑川始新世富碱岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年代学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学及其对岩石成因的制约

滇西剑川富碱岩浆岩位于青藏高原东南缘的三江南段,是金沙江-红河富碱岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。剑川富碱岩浆岩包括花岗岩和正长岩两类岩石,前者主要有花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩,后者主要是正长斑岩和粗面岩。本文对剑川富碱岩浆岩进行了主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征研究。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,剑川花岗岩结晶年龄为35. 1～36. 1Ma,正长岩结晶年龄为35. 7～35. 8Ma,均形成于始新世。花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩的SiO_2含量为67. 92%～69. 93%,K_2O/Na_2O比值介于0. 86～1. 22,具有高钾钙碱性特征;正长斑岩和粗面岩的SiO_2含量为53. 94%～63. 51%,K_2O/Na_2O比值介于1. 30～2. 68,属于钾玄质岩石系列。两类岩石都富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。其中,花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩有着较高的Sr、Sr/Y、La/Yb值和低的Y、Yb含量,具有埃达克质岩浆属性。结合Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究认为,滇西剑川地区花岗岩起源于增厚的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融,正长岩是由交代富集的岩石圈地幔熔融产生的基性岩浆演化而来的产物。滇西剑川新生代富碱岩浆活动是对印度与欧亚板块晚碰撞阶段,岩石圈地幔发生对流减薄和软流圈物质上涌过程的响应。     

Petrogenesis and timing of emplacement of porphyritic monzonite,dolerite, and basalt associated with the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit,Western Junggar,NW China: implications for early Carboniferous tectonic setting and Cu–Au mineralization prospectivity

ABSTRACT

The Kuoerzhenkuola epithermal Au deposit is located in the northern part of the West Junggar region of NW China and is underlain by a recently discovered porphyritic monzonite intrusion that contains Cu–Au mineralization. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of this intrusion yielded an age of 350 ± 4.7 Ma. The porphyritic monzonite is calc-alkaline and is characterized by high concentrations of Sr (583–892 ppm), significant depletions in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE; e.g. Yb = 0.96–2.57 ppm) and Y (10.4–23.3 ppm), and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element variation diagram patterns with positive Sr and Ba and negative Nb and Ti anomalies, all of which indicate that this intrusion is compositionally similar to adakites elsewhere. The composition of the porphyritic monzonite is indicative of the derivation from magmas generated by the melting of young subducted slab material. The area also contains Nb-enriched basalts that are enriched in sodium (Na₂O/K₂O = 1.20–3.90) and have higher Nb, Zr, TiO₂, and P₂O₅ concentrations and Nb/La and Nb/U ratios than typical arc basalts. The juxtaposition of adakitic rocks, Nb-enriched basalts, and dolerites in this region suggests that the oceanic crust of the expansive oceans within the West Junggar underwent early Carboniferous subduction. Magnetite is widespread throughout the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit, as evidenced by the volcanic breccias cemented by late hydrothermal magnetite and pyrite. In addition, the zoned potassic, quartz-sericite alteration, and propylitic and kaolin alteration in the deeper parts of the porphyritic monzonite are similar to those found in porphyry Cu–Au deposits. These findings, coupled with the mineralogy and geochemistry of the alteration associated with the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit, suggest that the mineralization in this area is not purely epithermal, with the geology and geochemistry of the porphyritic monzonite in this area suggesting that a porphyry Cu–Au deposit is probably located beneath the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit.     

Adakite-like signature of porphyry granitoid stocks in the Meiduk and Parkam porphyry copper deposits,NE of Shahr-e-Babak,Kerman, Iran: Constrains on geochemistry

The Middle Miocene porphyry granitoid stocks of Meiduk and Parkam porphyry copper deposits are intruded in the north-western part of the Dehaj-Sarduiyeh volcano-sedimentary belt in the south-eastern extension of the Urumieh-Dukhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) in Iran. The porphyritic to microgranular granitoids are mainly consist of quartz diorite, granodiorite and diorite. The whole rock geochemical analyses of these rocks reveals sub-alkaline, calc-alkaline, meta-peraluminous and I-type characteristics. Their geochemical characteristics such as Al₂O₃ content of 13.51–17.05 wt%, high Sr concentration (mostly >400 ppm), low Yb (an average of 0.74 ppm) and Y (an average of 9.02 ppm) contents, strongly differentiated REE patterns (La/Yb ≥ 20), lack of Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu¹ ≥ 1) are indicative of adakitic signature. Their enrichment in low field strength elements (LFSE) and conspicuous negative anomalies for Nb, Ta and Ti are typical of subduction related magmas. Detailed petrological studies and geochemical data indicated that Meiduk and Parkam porphyry granitoids were derived from amphibole fractionation of hydrous melts at a depth of >40 km in a post-collisional tectonic setting.     

Two different types of granitoids in the Suyunhe large porphyry Mo deposit,NW China and their genetic relationships with molybdenum mineralization

The Suyunhe large porphyry Mo deposit (∼0.57 Mt molybdenum), located in the West Junggar, NW China, is the largest known porphyry Mo deposit in Xinjiang. Granitoids in this deposit are mainly characterized by three closely spaced intrusive centers (known as stocks I, II and III respectively). The stocks I and III mainly consist of barren granodiorite porphyry and tonalite porphyry, whereas the stock II is mainly composed of fertile monzonitic granite porphyry and granite porphyry. Based on detailed major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses, two distinct compositional groups can be identified. The first group of high-silica end-members (HSE) is characterized by high SiO₂ (mostly >75 wt%), low MgO (0.07–0.69 wt%) and Mg# (0.19–0.36), significant Eu depletion in the chondrite-normalized diagram, and low Sr/Y and La/Yb, as well as noticeably negative anomalies of Ba, Sr, P and Ti in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram. The second group of low-silica end-members (LSE), however, displays adakite-like features with lower SiO₂ (<75 wt%), higher MgO (0.52–1.32 wt%) and Mg# (0.32–0.52; mostly >0.4), and higher Sr/Y (mostly >20) and La/Yb (>8). The depleted Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics (ε_Nd(T) = 3.5–6.4 and I_sr = 0.7026–0.7055) and young two-stage model ages of HSE and LSE indicate that they were both derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust that might be triggered by asthenosphere upwelling subsequent to a slab rollback event. However, the depths of initial melting might be different. The current evidence demonstrates that HSE in the Suyunhe deposit formed by partial melting of juvenile crust at depths of less than ∼33 km with a plagioclase residue, whereas that for LSE occurred at depths of >40 km where a garnet residue existed and the crust was thickened. The lower source depth, as well as subsequently strong plagioclase fractionation, results in the absence of adakite-like characteristics in HSE.The Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺and Eu_N/Eu_N1 ratios in zircons of HSE are much lower than ore-forming intrusions from porphyry Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but noticeably higher than barren intrusions from the Lachlan fold belt and ore-bearing intrusions from small-intermediate porphyry Mo deposits from the East Qinling–Dabie and the Nanling metallogenic belts, China, indicating that neither too high nor too low oxygen fugacities are favorable for large porphyry Mo deposits. Based on previous studies of adakitic rocks in the world, adakite-like LSE in the Suyunhe deposit are believed to have higher oxygen fugacities, and thus be less fertile than HSE. We finally suggest that adakites and adakite-like rocks are unproductive for porphyry Mo deposits.     

新疆西准噶尔萨吾尔地区早石炭世埃达克岩地球化学特征、岩石成因及其意义

新疆西准噶尔萨吾尔地区阿克塔木组(新建)为一套中性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹少量酸性火山熔岩建造。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为337.9±0.77Ma,属早石炭世。安山岩地球化学特征表现为高Si O2(53.42%～64.74%)、A12O3(16.05%～19.23%),富Na2O(4.05%～8.13%)贫K2O(0.36%～3.65%),富Sr(448.1×10-6～1507×10-6),低Yb(0.94×10-6～1.79×10-6)、Y(8.48×10-6～16.92×10-6),高Sr/Y比值(36.6～89.0),富集LREE,亏损HREE,弱Eu正异常,明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,具有典型的埃达克岩特征,为玄武质洋壳在石榴角闪岩相高度部分熔融的产物。阿克塔木组火山岩形成于与洋内俯冲有关的岛弧环境,为早石炭世额尔齐斯-斋桑洋南向俯冲的岩浆记录。俯冲板片边缘受到来自板片窗的高温软流圈物质加热,部分熔融形成的埃达克质熔体与地幔橄榄岩发生熔体-岩石反应,从而形成埃达克岩+富Nb玄武岩组合,同时发生与之相关的Cu-Au成矿作用。阿克塔木组早石炭世埃达克岩的发现,为西准噶尔地区晚古生代岩浆活动、构造演化和金属成矿等研究提供了可靠的依据。     

安庆-贵池矿集区宝树尖铜多金属矿床成因:来自岩石地球化学及年代学的约束

宝树尖铜多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区,是一个新发现的矽卡岩型矿床。本文主要通过岩石地球化学和年代学方法来解释矿床的成因。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,宝树尖岩体形成于148. 6±3. 2Ma,是长江中下游燕山晚期的产物,为长江中下游成矿带内发现的一个较早的中酸性含矿侵入体。对于该成矿岩体及矿床的深入研究,将为区内燕山期岩浆活动及成矿提供一个不可多得的范例。岩石属于高钾钙碱性、钙碱性系列,地球化学特征显示为埃达克质岩;矿区矿石金属硫化物以方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿为主,非金属矿物有透辉石、石榴石、透闪石、石英、钠长石、方解石、绿泥石和绿帘石等。矿区侵入岩主要由闪长岩和闪长玢岩组成,总体上具有高的全碱含量,低的AlT_2O_3、TiO_2、Fe_2O_3和P_2O_5含量,富集大离子亲石元素(U、Rb、Sr)和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损。岩石具有高的La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,低的Yb、Y含量,属于埃达克质岩。锆石稀土元素配分图显示典型的轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集。锆石Ti温度计表明岩石形成的平均温度为674. 3℃。全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明岩石起源于俯冲洋壳的部分熔融。矿石黄铁矿δ~(34)S变化范围为7. 6‰～9. 6‰,表明成矿物质来源于岩浆热液和地层。锆石Eu异常特征和Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值表明形成岩石的岩浆具有高氧逸度,这有利于Cu、Au、Zn等成矿物质的迁移。结合区域地质背景,我们认为宝树尖矽卡岩型矿床的形成过程是:燕山期太平洋板块向中国东部俯冲,导致板片部分熔融产生埃达克质岩浆,最后经埃达克质岩浆分异形成的含矿气水热液在地壳浅部与上覆寒武系灰岩发生接触交代作用。