青藏高原大气—植被相互作用的模拟试验——Ⅰ.物理通量和参数

在原大气-植被相互作用模式AVIM的基础上作了改进，包括对值被生理过程，如（1）光合作用：（2）呼吸；（3）分配和（4）物候等新的描述方法。对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算，给出了高压上地表辐射及水热物理通量以及地表拖曳系数和地面反照率的分布特征。模拟结果表明净辐射和感热通量由东南和西北增加，高原西北部地表反照率较高，东南部地表反照率较低。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘头状沙拐枣幼苗生长和生物量分配对不同灌溉量的响应

水是荒漠生态系统中首要限制因子。由于水分限制程度不同,植物幼苗在生长过程中表现出不同的适应策略。在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的沙漠-绿洲过渡带,设计了0 mm（处理A）、100 mm（处理B）、200 mm（处理C）3种不同的灌溉量,对头状沙拐枣幼苗生长和生物量分配展开实验性研究。结果表明:①处理A比处理B和处理C地下生物量均有所增加;不同灌溉条件下,头状沙拐枣幼苗的根冠比均小于1,随灌溉量的减少头状沙拐枣幼苗的根冠比从0.19增加到0.32;即头状沙拐枣通过改变根系生物量分配适应水分条件变化。②随灌溉量的减少, 头状沙拐枣幼苗主根垂直深度和水平根幅均呈增加趋势。处理A时,头状沙拐枣幼苗根系深度达180 cm以上,处理B和C的根系深度均低于160 cm,表明头状沙拐枣幼苗通过根系的伸长生长来适应水分减少。③在生长过程中,头状沙拐枣通过老同化枝枯落适应土壤水分减少。④株高和冠幅随着灌溉量增加呈先增加后减小趋势,基径随着灌溉量的增加而增加,地上生长指标在不同处理间均无显著差异。     

Change analysis of rice area and production in China during the past three decades

Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.     

“区位因素分析”错误辨析与试题研究

一、师生纠错 1．思维误区分析 【问题1】下图中的三幅图分别示意某地区的地形、1～5月气温变化和降水季节分配。评价图中城市所在河谷地区农业生产的条件。     

岩体的加、卸载状态与能量的分配关系

岩体是流变体,在高地应力的长时间作用下其内部非均匀应力随着时间自我松弛,逐渐趋向于静水压力状态。在这样的状态下,虽然其体积仍维持弹性,但丧失了进一步抵抗剪切变形的能力,处于流动的状态,其能量储存具有体积的特征。采用平面压缩模型,研究岩石在不同应力水平长期作用下的变形性状及能量分配关系,给出在快速卸荷条件下发生自持续动力断裂破坏条件,以期揭示深部岩体初始地应力水平（能量在体变及形变上的分配关系）对卸荷条件下岩体运动过程中表现的惯性、黏性及弹塑性变形的影响规律,为建立深部岩体加卸荷本构关系打下基础。     

Traffic Assignment Forecast Model Research in ITS

As an important role in the development of ITS, traffic assignment forecast is always the research focus. Based on the analysis of classic traffic assignment forecast models, an improved traffic assignment forecast model, multi-ways probability and capacity constraint (MPCC) is presented. Using the new traffic as- signment forecast model to forecast the traffic volume will improve the rationality and veracity of traffic as- signment forecast.     

社会产品分配核算的再认识--兼谈帐户法核算国民最终收入

随着我国国民核算体系向SNA体系的转变，使国民核算的生产范围扩大了，社会产品的内容更丰富了，社会产品分配的界限不同了，社会产品分配的结果也变化了。通过对社会产品内容的确定，分析了社会产品在各部门的分配情况，提出了如何用帐户法核算各部门的分配结果——各部门的最终收入。     

征地补偿分配应当体现土地承包经营权的权益

在贯彻落实国务院《关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定》完善征地补偿办法中，一些地方提出在适当提高补偿标准的同时，有必要调整集体和被征地农户在征地补偿分配中所占比重，把补偿的“大头”分配给被征地农户，以体现土地承包经营权的权益。笔者结合黑龙江省实际，就这一问题谈几点认识与建议。     

操作系统内核中动态内存分配机制的研究

阐述了动态存储分配的一些基本特性，分析了在操作系统内核中普遍使用的一些动态内存管理机制，并在此基础上对一些操作系统实例进行分析。     

浅谈统计分析在地勘项目管理中的应用

随着社会资本进入地质勘查领域,大部分地勘项目不再以计划分配形式由国家下达．而是由地勘单位到市场上寻找和争取．在当今地勘市场不发育的条件下,地勘项目的管理水平高低直接影响列项同的经济效益。因此,在地勘项目管理上充分利用统计分析为决策层提供及时、准确、有效的统计分析资料,是落实科学发展观,转变经济增长方式的具体体现．是提高地勘项目管理水平的重要手段。