The Effects of Tourism Industry Agglomeration on Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity: Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model

By utilizing the panel data of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China from 2000 to 2018, this study constructs a panel threshold model to examine the nonlinear relationship between Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity (TECC) and Tourism Industry Agglomeration (TIA). TECC is evaluated based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, and TIA is estimated by the location quotient index. The analysis reveals that TIA and TECC both show growth trends and significant regional differences among the 26 cities, but the latter fluctuates at certain stages. Moreover, TIA has a significant double threshold effect on TECC, which shows that the positive impact of TIA is enhanced initially but then weakens afterwards. Theoretically, this study contributes to enriching the current literature on TECC from the perspective of TIA. Practically, it could help local governments effectively arrange agglomerations to promote the sustainable development of the tourism industry in China.     

无人机影像识别白喉乌头的相对高程阈值法适用性分析

本文以新疆伊犁州新源县那拉提草原的典型毒害草白喉乌头为研究对象,通过PhotoScan软件对无人机航拍影像进行数据处理并获取研究区DSM数据,在此基础上,运用相对高程阈值法识别提取白喉乌头的最佳阈值范围,并验证其有效性。试验结果表明：①在无人机影像中,相对高程阈值法能够清晰准确地体现地物分布特征,适用于提取与普通牧草高度误差明显的地物;②当10 cm≤T<20 cm时,白喉乌头能够被准确识别,且与实际白喉乌头分布点基本一致,分类精度达91%;③相对高程阈值法能够较好地分离出白喉乌头,既提升了分类依据的可靠性,又实现了白喉乌头高精度识别。该方法可应用于实际的草原监测工作。     

一种提取北部湾沿海地区水体信息的动态阈值方法

准确地获取水体分布信息与水体变化规律在流域综合治理等方面具有重要意义。本文基于高分六号(GF-6)影像与Landsat 8影像,选取北部湾海域作为测试研究区,在海洋水体指数(OWI)基础上,针对水体光谱特性,分析了水体像元OWI与归一化植被指数之间的相关性,基于两种指数动态平衡,提出了一个稳定性较高的动态阈值的水体提取方法,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,动态阈值方法能够稳定、准确地提取水体信息,避免了人为设定阈值存在的误差,并且本文提出的指数无论是针对国产高分影像还是其他光学影像,都具有较好的普适性,可应用于沿海海岸线的监测等方面。     

基于小波方法的非线性回归模型研究

介绍小波方法和非线性回归估计的基本理论,研究利用小波变换得到非线性回归估计函数的方法,且将该方法的结果与仅用回归估计的结果进行对比研究,发现对监测数据列进行小波分解并对小波系数作用于阈值,然后通过对小波系数估计能得到回归参数。研究结果表明基于小波方法的非线性回归模型更接近变形体变形规律,是一种能够更好地进行预测的方法,该模型切实可行。     

典型岩溶包气带洞穴滴水水文过程研究——以桂林硝盐洞为例

选取桂林丫吉试验场硝盐洞为研究对象,通过示踪试验和高分辨率水文水化学监测,确定滴水补给来源,研究典型岩溶包气带洞穴滴水对降雨响应的水文过程。研究结果表明,硝盐洞XY5滴水主要受到两种径流成分补给,即集中补给的管道流和弥散流。硝盐洞上部包气带中可能存在表层岩溶带含水层,长期维持滴水流量。滴水流量、电导率和示踪剂浓度的峰值均出现在强降雨时段,表现出快速响应的管道流特征,存在降雨阈值引起硝盐洞滴水降雨响应。降雨前岩溶含水层水分条件是包气带水文响应差异的主要原因,雨季滴水对降雨响应迅速,XY5滴水对降雨响应的滞后时间为10 h;而旱季对降雨的响应滞后明显,滞后时间达9.8天,体现了土壤和表层岩溶带的调蓄作用。74.4 mm降雨量是旱季转雨季滴水响应的降雨阈值。借助于洞穴滴水的水文动态变化和示踪试验技术对于研究包气带水文过程,深入了解岩溶含水层结构及特征,揭示岩溶区降雨入渗补给机制具有重要作用。     

基于不同方法的中国天山山区降水形态分离研究

基于天山山区1950s-1979年27个气象站点的日平均气温及标注的各类型降水资料,运用频率求交法和概率保证法并结合海拔高程,研究并分析了各站点降水形态转化的临界气温及固液态降水分离的阈值温度空间分布特征及原因,预测了天山山区1980-2014年雪雨比变化。结果表明：天山山区各站点降水形态转化的临界气温及固液态降水分离的阈值温度其空间分布上整体呈现出北坡小于南坡而雪雨比南坡小于北坡的变化规律,且三者均随着海拔高程的增加而增大,两种方法获得的结果基本一致。深入明晰了天山山区降水形态随温度变化特征,为天山山区水文模型中有关参数的选取提供科学的参考。     

绿潮Lansat影像滑动窗口自适应阈值全自动检测方法

Since the atmospheric correction is a necessary preprocessing step of remote sensing image before detecting green tide, the introduced error directly affects the detection precision. Therefore, the detection method of green tide is presented from Landsat TM/ETM plus image which needs not the atmospheric correction. In order to achieve an automatic detection of green tide, a linear relationship(y =0.723 x+0.504) between detection threshold y and subtraction x(x=λ_(nir)–λ_(red)) is found from the comparing Landsat TM/ETM plus image with the field surveys.Using this relationship, green tide patches can be detected automatically from Landsat TM/ETM plus image.Considering there is brightness difference between different regions in an image, the image will be divided into a plurality of windows(sub-images) with a same size firstly, and then each window will be detected using an adaptive detection threshold determined according to the discovered linear relationship. It is found that big errors will appear in some windows, such as those covered by clouds seriously. To solve this problem, the moving step k of windows is proposed to be less than the window width n. Using this mechanism, most pixels will be detected[n/k]×[n/k] times except the boundary pixels, then every pixel will be assigned the final class(green tide or sea water) according to majority rule voting strategy. It can be seen from the experiments, the proposed detection method using multi-windows and their adaptive thresholds can detect green tide from Landsat TM/ETM plus image automatically. Meanwhile, it avoids the reliance on the accurate atmospheric correction.     

基于NDVI阈值法的森林冰冻受灾范围精确提取

快速提取森林冰雪受灾范围,有利于准确掌握森林受灾情况,为此类灾害性气候事件防灾减灾、森林资源管理和生态保护提供科学依据。本文利用2001-2007年NDVI数据,提取灾前植被NDVI参考值和正常波动范围,结合2008年NDVI数据提取冰雪冻灾范围。该方法弥补了基于单一时相的传统方法（NDVI差值法）忽略植被指数正常波动的问题,分像元提取植被NDVI正常波动范围,使提取结果更加客观合理。与传统方法提取结果对比,省级尺度的验证结果相同（即森林受灾率均为34.72%,而实地调查森林受灾率35.3%）,但2种方法在县市行政单元提取的森林受灾率相差较大。NDVI阈值法提取的森林冰雪受灾范围主要分布于湖南省南部地区,北部地区分布相对较少,而传统方法提取结果主要分布于湖南省北部地区,南部地区分布相对较少。根据实地考察资料显示,相比于传统方法,NDVI阈值法提取结果与实际森林冰雪冻灾空间分布信息更接近,精度更高,更适合于区域大尺度提取森林冰雪受灾范围。     

Livestock Dynamic Responses to Climate Change in Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Forage Consumption and Time-lag Effects

Climate change and forage-intake are important components of livestock population systems, but our knowledge about the effects of changes in these properties on livestock is limited, particularly on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Based on corresponding independent models (CASA and TEM), a human-induced NPP (NPP_H) value and forage-intake threshold were obtained to determine their influences on livestock population fluctuation and regrowth on the plateau. The intake threshold value provided compatible results with livestock population performance. If the forage-intake was greater than the critical value of 1.9 (kg DM d^-1 sheep^-1), the livestock population increased; otherwise, the livestock population decreased. It takes four years to transfer a disturbance in primary productivity to the next trophic level. The relationships between livestock population and NPP_H value determined population dynamics via the forage-intake value threshold. Improved knowledge on lag effects will advance our understanding of drivers of climatic changes on livestock population dynamics.     

太湖水体中碱性磷酸酶的作用阈值

对不同ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度下,不同粒级组分中碱性磷酸酶活性的分布及其变动规律的研究表明：（１）随着水体中ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度的增加,水体中总碱性磷酸酶活性（ＴＡＰＡ）相应的减少（ｒ＝－０．５８６,ｎ＝５５）,水体中的ＴＡＰＡ增值,在ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度范围为０－０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,无显著差异;而当ＰＯ＾ ３－４－Ｐ浓度〉０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１时,差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,（２）水体中的碱