Passive microwave remote sensing of the historic February 2010 snowstorms in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA

The snowfall in the Baltimore/Washington metropolitan area during the winter of 2009/2010 was unprecedented and caused serious snow‐related disruptions. In February 2010, snowfall totals approached 2 m, and because maximum temperatures were consistently below normal, snow remained on the ground the entire month. One of the biggest contributing factors to the unusually severe winter weather in 2009/2010, throughout much of the middle latitudes, was the Arctic Oscillation. Unusually high pressure at high latitudes and low pressure at middle latitudes forced a persistent exchange of mass from north to south. In this investigation, a concerted effort was made to link remotely sensed falling snow observations to remotely sensed snow cover and snowpack observations in the Baltimore/Washington area. Specifically, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer onboard the Aqua satellite was used to assess snow water equivalent, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder were employed to detect falling snow. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer passive microwave signatures in this study are related to both snow on the ground and surface ice layers. In regard to falling snow, signatures indicative of snowfall can be observed in high frequency brightness temperatures of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder. Indeed, retrievals show an increase in snow water equivalent after the detection of falling snow. Yet, this work also shows that falling snow intensity and/or the presence of liquid water clouds impacts the ability to reliably detect snow water equivalent. Moreover, changes in the condition of the snowpack, especially in the surface features, negatively affect retrieval performance. Copyright © 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

SPOT像片外方位元素之间的相关性及克服方法的研讨

本文从数学公式出发分析了SPOT像片外方位元素之间强相关的性质;讨论了在解求外方位元素时为克服强相关的影响而采用的两种方法,即线元素与角元素迭代求解法和定向未知数引入“伪观测值”法;并根据相关分析提出了一种新的方法——合并相关项求解法。试验结果表明:这一方法不仅具有计算收敛快、法方程答解稳定等特点,而且具有较高的解算精度。     

浅源强震的判据和发震概率

根据确定潜在震源区的多判据原理,强震的发生不仅要满足准静态强度条件,而且必须具备突发释放足够能量的条件,而所有这些条件可以通过突发应力降判据、总能量判据和强度判据加以表达。本文建立了它们相应的概率表达式和估计发震总概率的方法,并针对我国28例地震进行了验算     

广东省强震台网建设概况

本文论述了广东省强震台网建设的目的和原则,介绍了台网中使用的强震仪,收取的强震记录和处理情况、台网管理及其展望。     

1991年大同—阳高5.8级地震的序列

对1991年3月大同—阳高5.8级地震的震源特点、序列特征及震前序列活动进行了分析研究,得出这次5.8级地震是1989年大同—阳高地震的晚期强余震、地震子序列为主余震型序列的结论。从1989年以来大同老震区的弱震活动分析表明,其弱震的几个起伏是大同及其周围应力场加强的信号,可作为今后地震监测预报的窗口。     

Complex time－space spreading and focal mechanism of the 1989 Batang earthquake swarm （M_s＝6．7）

Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ　ｔｉｍｅ－ｓｐａｃｅ　ｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｆｏｃａｌ　ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　１９８９　Ｂａｔａｎｇ　ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ　ｓｗａｒｍ　（Ｍ＿ｓ＝６．７）（程万正）（陈天长）Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｉｍｅ－ｓｐａｃｅｓｐｒｅ...     

小区域地震预测的新方法

本文应用动态系统时间连续模型建立的新方法（ＤＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型），通过对唐山老震区ＭＬ＞４．７级地震的建模，讨论ＤＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型对唐山老震区晚期强余震预测的可行性。并比较了ＤＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型与ＧＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型，发现ＤＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型优于ＧＭ（ｎ，ｈ）模型，同时，给出了唐山老震区晚期强余震的预报结果。     

强震现场流动无线遥测地震台网观测系统的研制

描述了强震现场流动无线遥测地震台网观测系统的技术设计，系统构成，工作原理及应用。