用滤膜法进行稀土氧化物原料组分的X射线荧光光谱分析

本文叙述了用沉淀抽滤法制备薄试样,X射线荧光光谱法测定混合稀土氧化物原料组分的分析方法。本法定量下限为0.01％—0.17％,方法精度为0.85％—14.9％。对几种类型的原料分析结果表明,本法与ICP-AES法结果基本相符。方法简便快速,可用于混合稀土氧化物原料的成分分析。     

NO_x的准两年周期变化及其与臭氧准两年周期振荡的关系 I.资料分析

利用 1 992～ 2 0 0 0年HALOE的观测资料 ,分析了平流层NOx (这里是指NO和NO2 )混合比的垂直经向分布结构、季节变化和年际变化 ,并与O3混合比的年际变化进行比较。结果表明 :( 1 )在各纬度平流层NOx混合比的垂直结构基本相似 ,从平流层下层向上随高度增加 ,分别在 1～ 2hPa (NO)和 5～ 1 0hPa (NO2 )达到极大值 ,再向上NOx混合比随高度减小。另外 ,NO混合比在 1 0× 1 0 - 5hPa高度附近还有一个极值区。在平流层下层 ,它们的极值区下方 ,NOx混合比基本从热带向两极增大。NO混合比在平流层位于 1～ 2hPa之间有一个高值区 ,在 1 0× 1 0 - 5hPa附近还有一个更大的极值。而NO2 只有一个浓度高值区 ,位置在 5～ 1 0hPa。 ( 2 )NOx混合比在中低纬的高度分布和经向分布上都存在准两年周期振荡(简称QBO)。NO2 的QBO较NO更明显 ,赤道上空的NOx的QBO最明显 ,北半球NOx 的QBO较南半球更明显 ,而 2 0～ 5hPa的NOx的QBO又较其他气层更明显。 ( 3)在热带 30km以上 ,NOx的QBO与O3混合比的QBO位相相反 ;而中纬地区及 30km以下的热带 ,它们有一个位相差 ,但不完全相反     

Evidence for textural and alteration changes in basaltic lava flows using variations in rock magnetic properties (ODP Leg 183)

The different effects of cooling and alteration on magnetic properties, in single thick flows from subaerial and submarine eruptions, cored and logged during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 183 at Sites 1137 and 1140 (Kerguelen Plateau) are examined. Downhole logging data from both sites is supplemented by petrology and geochemistry of 32 samples from three subaerial lava flows at Site 1137 and two flows units at Site 1140, covering transects from fresh to highly altered basalts.Changes in magnetic properties have previously been observed in several ODP drill holes, which penetrate basaltic basement. In subaerial basalts, a typical trend is that of high magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) values in the altered flow top, and lower values in the less-altered massive flow interior. In contrast, submarine lava flows display the opposite behavior in their magnetic properties. Altered pillow rims have lower susceptibility and NRM values than the fresh pillow interiors. It is concluded that rate of cooling and degree of alteration are the main factors influencing the magnetization and, hence, the distribution of iron oxides. The effects of low-temperature alteration are most noticeable in the distribution of more mobile elements, such as K. Consequently, the spectral gamma ray (SGR) log, which in basaltic basement is largely controlled by K concentration, is an excellent proxy to the downhole identification of alteration. The strong positive correlation observed for the subaerial basalts between the downhole total magnetic field (F_tot) and SGR, suggest a potential link with alteration in the drilled sections. The alteration of the submarine basalts is not as pronounced and therefore no correlation is evident.     

长江口潮滩沉积物氧化铁与磁性特征的关系

通过对长江口潮滩沉积物以连二亚硫酸钠－柠檬酸纳－重碳酸钠（DCB）、避光草酸铵（AOD）提取方法进行的氧化铁分析以及磁性测量，探讨了氧化铁与磁性参数的关系，提出了不同类型氧化铁含量估算方法，并分析了DCB提取对全样及分粒级样品磁性特征的影响。结果显示，磁化率及饱和等温剩磁与游离氧化铁和无定形铁含量之间存在显著的相关性。对不同类型氧化铁含量的半定量估算显示，长江口潮滩沉积物中以无定形铁占绝对优势，磁铁矿仅占游离氧化铁的12％左右。DCB提取对磁性特征的影响依赖于磁性矿物晶粒大小和含量。DCB试剂不仅能提取小于2μm粒级中的细晶粒氧化铁，还能溶解相当一部分粗晶粒磁铁矿。此外，根据DCB提取前后S－100及硬剩磁的变化，表明粘土中更富集不完整反铁磁性氧化铁。     

闪电产生氮氧化物(LNOX)区域特征计算(Ⅱ): LNOX计算结果分析

利用东北、北京和广东三地的闪电定位资料，计算分析了6种不同类型雷暴中闪电产生的氮氧化物总体、季节、空间分布和雷暴的不同发展阶段等特征。结果表明：虽然中高纬地区雷暴频数较低，年总产氮(N)量低于低纬地区，但单个雷暴平均产N量并不比低纬低。三地雷暴产N量的月份分布不相同，东北和北京地区的峰值月份出现在季节交换期的6月和9月，广东地区出现在对流相对旺盛的7月。低纬区的系统雷暴产N量主要发生在成熟阶段，而发展和消散阶段产N量很低，中高纬尽管成熟阶段产N量最高，但发展和消散阶段也有一定的比例。中高纬的局地雷暴产N量主要发生在发展和消散阶段，成熟阶段很低，而广东地区，三个阶段相差不大。进一步讨论了几种雷暴闪电参数与雷暴产生N量的相关性，得到系统雷暴正负闪电总数和雷暴产生N量的回归预报方程并讨论了误差。最后与文献[1]的方法和Price的方法进行了比较。     

Oxide and sulphide isograds along a Late Archean, deep-crustal profile in Tamil Nadu, south India

Oxide–sulphide–Fe–Mg–silicate and titanite–ilmenite textures as well as their mineral compositions have been studied in felsic and intermediate orthogneisses across an amphibolite (north) to granulite facies (south) traverse of lower Archean crust, Tamil Nadu, south India. Titanite is limited to the amphibolite facies terrane where it rims ilmenite or occurs as independent grains. Pyrite is widespread throughout the traverse increasing in abundance with increasing metamorphic grade. Pyrrhotite is confined to the high‐grade granulites. Ilmenite is widespread throughout the traverse increasing in abundance with increasing metamorphic grade and occurring primarily as hemo‐ilmenite in the high‐grade granulite facies rocks. Magnetite is widespread throughout the traverse and is commonly associated with ilmenite. It decreases in abundance with increasing metamorphic grade. In the granulite facies zone, reaction rims of magnetite + quartz occur along Fe–Mg silicate grain boundaries. Magnetite also commonly rims or is associated with pyrite. Both types of reaction rims represent an oxidation effect resulting from the partial subsolidus reduction of the hematite component in ilmenite to magnetite. This is confirmed by the presence of composite three oxide grains consisting of hematite, magnetite and ilmenite. Magnetite and magnetite–pyrite micro‐veins along silicate grain boundaries formed over a wide range of post‐peak metamorphic temperatures and pressures ranging from high‐grade SO₂ to low‐grade H₂S‐dominated conditions. Oxygen fugacities estimated from the orthopyroxene–magnetite–quartz, orthopyroxene–hematite–quartz, and magnetite–hematite buffers average 2.5 log units above QFM. It is proposed that the trends in mineral assemblages, textures and composition are the result of an external, infiltrating concentrated brine containing an oxidizing component such as CaSO₄ during high‐grade metamorphism later acted upon by prograde and retrograde mineral reactions that do not involve an externally derived fluid phase.     

Tropospheric ozone and oxides of nitrogen over the north-western Pacific in summer

In summer, atmospheric ozone was measured from an aircraft platform simultaneously with nitric oxide (NO), oxides of nitrogen (NO _y ), and water vapor over the Pacific Ocean in east Asia from 34° N to 19° N along the longitude of 138±3°E. NO _y was measured with the aid of a ferrous sulfate converter. The altitude covered was from 0.5 to 5 km. A good correlation in the smoothed meridional distributions between ozone and NO _y was seen. In particular, north of 25° N, ozone and NO _y mixing ratios were considerably higher than those observed in tropical marine air south of 25° N. NO _y and O₃ reached a minimum of 50 pptv and 4 ppbv respectively in the boundary layer at a latitude of 20° N. The NO concentration between 2 and 5 km at the same latitude was 30 pptv. The profiles of ozone and water vapor mixing ratios were highly anti-correlated between 25° N and 20° N. In contrast, it was much poorer at the latitude of 33° N, suggesting a net photochemical production of ozone there.     

Direct measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone fluxes over grassland

Using the eddy correlation method, fluxes of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, water, and sensible heat were measured at a site 20 km north of Denver, Colorado over mature crested wheat grass, 0.75 m high in late June and early July. During this period the weather was fair with no synoptic disturbances. In the early morning a well-mixed diluted urban pollution plume traversed the site, by late morning aged pollution had mixed downward into the local boundary layer, and by afternoon the air came from a relatively unpolluted area of the high plains. The mean trace gas concentrations reflect this repeated pattern of local air flow. The fluxes of the trace gases were influenced both by the variation of the means and by other factors including temperature and biological activity. Ozone fluxes were found to be always negative and proportional to the mean, with an average deposition velocity for this case of about 0.006 m s^-1. For the oxides of nitrogen this simple treatment was not appropriate. Both deposition and emission were observed, generally deposition predominated in the morning and emission in the afternoon with observed variations in the fluxes of NO_x=NO+NO₂ from –0.3 to +0.2 ppbv m s^-1.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation     

未定名矿物（Ru,Fe）2O3的发现及初步研究

未定名矿物(Ru,Fe)_2O_3产自我国西藏东巧超基性岩铬铂矿中。呈粒状、柱状、粒径8—42μm。具弱电磁性。与硫钌矿和等轴铁铂矿连生。反光下星灰黄色-灰白带棕色。双反射明显,强非均质性,有的呈3—10μm的微晶集合体。3个颗粒15个点的电子探针分析平均值(%):Ru 58.32,Fe 16.21,Os 2.71,Ir 1.78,O 20.97,矿物的化学式为(Ru,Fe)_2O_3。由于未能获X射线结构资料,暂未定名。     

Spectral properties, iron oxide content and provenance of Namib dune sands

This paper applies multispectral remote sensing techniques to map the Fe-oxide content over the entire Namib sand sea. Spectrometric analysis is applied to field samples to identify the reflectance properties of the dune sands which enable remotely sensed Fe-oxide mapping. The results indicate that the pattern of dune colour in the Namib sand sea arises from the mixing of at least two distinct sources of sand; a red component of high Fe-oxide content (present as a coating on the sand grains) which derives from the inland regions, particularly from major embayments into the Southern African escarpment; and a yellow coastal component of low Fe-oxide content which is brought into the area by northward-moving aeolian transport processes. These major provenances are separated by a mixing zone between 20 km and 90 km from the coast throughout the entire length of the sand sea. Previous workers have also recognised a third, fluvial, provenance, but the methodology applied here is not able to map this source as a distinct spectral component.