A medical hand tool physical interaction evaluation approach for prototype testing using patient care simulators

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a physical ergonomics assessment approach for medical device handles. The method assesses wrist posture and force of exertion simultaneously by task element. Electrogoniometers and EMG sensors were connected through a data acquisition module for synchronization with video recordings of trials. Task analysis of video recordings were performed offline with Observer XT software. Average posture and force data across several repetitions of individual task elements were calculated and presented in a format suitable for informing product designers of specific issues during a test trial. A handle comfort questionnaire is proposed to survey subjective responses. The evaluation approach was applied to an endoscope needle in sampling a biopsy from the stomach wall using a gastrointestinal track simulator with ten physician surrogates. The results showed that for all task elements the wrist was in extension (33(°)-45(°)). Peak muscle forces ranged from 28% to 68% MVC across the three muscles studied. Muscle peak forces were above ACGIH HAL maximum threshold limits for four of the seven task elements, and above the action limit for all seven task elements for two muscles. The handle comfort questionnaire data also supported the high muscle force findings, and also on force distribution on the handle due to contact stresses. This combined approach could be used to collect and report detailed early stage ergonomics data from user trials on patient care simulators. The approach is proposed for use by medical device designers at the design stage of new products using prototypes, but it could also be used on existing products with real patients.     

Biomechanical assessment of lateral stiffness elements in the suspension system of a backpack

The purpose of this study was to examine the change in load distribution characteristics associated with adding lateral stiffness elements (rods) to a rucksack (backpack). A load distribution mannequin was instrumented with two 3D load cells to allow determination of the load applied to the shoulders and upper torso independent of the load applied to the hips and lower trunk. Position and mass of the payload (25?kg) were fixed at the centre of the volume of the rucksack and held constant during all testing. It was hypothesized that lateral rods would provide a force bridge that transfers part of the vertical load of the pack from the upper back and shoulders to the hip belt thereby reducing the vertical load on the torso, and possibly reducing the horizontal reaction force that produces a shear load on the spine. Results showed that these active stiffness elements shifted 14% of the vertical load from the upper torso to the pelvic region with lumbar shear load remaining relatively unchanged for all combinations of shoulder strap and waist belt tension. The lateral rods also provided a mean increase of 12% in the extensor moment at the L3?–?L4 level, thus reducing some demand on the erector spinae muscles.     

两种适合零膨胀微晶玻璃晶化热处理工艺制定的实验方法研究

通过晶核形成速度和晶体生长速度曲线可以确定零膨胀微晶玻璃晶化热处理工艺的主要参数,但受到各种因素的影响,往往不能及时、准确地得到这两条曲线。研究表明可以通过晶化热处理过程中一些反映内部结构变化的性质和现象,来制定和优化晶化热处理工艺。本文通过对晶化热处理过程折射率ND和发热量的变化进行记录和分析,制定和优化了晶化热处理工艺的方法。     

基于CAN总线的铁路道口控制系统

针对现有铁路道口信号控制系统“定点报警”方式对快速列车和慢速列车的速度不能识别,造成道口关闭时机不合理、影响道口通过效率等问题,提出了一种基于CAN总线技术的单线铁路区段道口控制系统解决方案：使用“定时报警”方式,并模块化设计单线铁路区段道口信号控制系统.道口信号控制系统在列车接近道口传感器时,采集列车的速度并适时启动报警.实验表明,该系统能实现设计要求,提高道口通过效率.     

具有温度补偿的FBG电流传感器研究

采用双光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)和2种不同的解调方法实现对基于电磁力的FBG电流传感的温度补偿,对2种解调方法进行比较。实验结果表明:采用光谱分析仪(OSA)进行波长解调,测量范围为0.35～2.5 A,灵敏度为0.93 nm/A;采用滤波调谐进行光强解调,测量范围为0.30～0.70 A,灵敏度可达到9.6 nW/mA。     

并联谐振型非接触供电平台的频率控制与设计

由于非接触ICPT存在器件老化、温度变化、负载变动等问题,将引起系统谐振频率改变,影响系统零电压开关(ZVS)的实现以及功率传输能力.以并联谐振型非接触供电平台为研究对象,采用双闭环控制回路控制非线性可变电感控制频率的新颖方法,并通过巧妙的电路参数的选择,实现了非接触供电平台在给定谐振频率下的稳定控制.理论推导与实验结果均证实了方案的可行性.     

溢流堰在污雨水管道交叉处理中的应用

新建污雨水管道与已建管道交叉时,往往出现高程冲突,文章以工程实例来说明溢流堰在管道交叉处理中的应用,为解决污雨水管道高程冲突提供了一个新方法。     

高速艇自由变深水动力试验研究

通过模型试验，研究了高速艇从压栽半潜状态自由变深到高速滑行状态的水动力现象．结果表明，当客积傅氏数大于1.25时，与舷外相通的水能完全自动排出．高速艇自由变深主要有以下5个原因：惯性作用、压栽水逐渐排出导致的艇体上抬作用、艇艉由于负压形成的空穴对压戢水的吸附作用、艇体动升力导致的艇体上抬作用、有利的艉倾作用．其中对具有较快加速运动的情形，惯性作用起重要地位，艇体动升力在排出流道水方面所发挥的作用相对较小，但在保持流道水排空方面发挥主导作用．     

基于零序谐波电流注入的三相功率因数校正技术研究

提出一种基于零序电流注入的三相高功率因数校正拓扑电路,采用四芯柱三相变压器实现零序电流注入,控制输入电流,使其瞬时跟踪整流输出电压的正半周和负半周波形,在三相无中线的电源系统中实现了装置输入的高功率因数,抑制了电力电子装置的网侧电流谐波。同时,该文分析了电网电压不对称不影响零序电流注入电路,实验结果也表征了这点。最后,通过对实验装置的测试,给出了实验结果,验证了本文提出的高功率因数校正拓扑电路是正确性的。     

新型近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统的优化及性能预测

针对所构建的以CO2接受体法气化为基础的新型近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统,以热力学平衡计算软件包FactSage5.2来预测气化炉及燃烧炉的产物组成。在此基础上建立了基于物质平衡、能量平衡的系统效率计算方法。以提高系统效率为目标,对系统压力和气化炉碳转化率这两个重要参数进行了优化。结果表明,系统效率随操作压力和气化炉碳转化率增加而呈上升趋势。在综合考察压力和碳转化率对系统效率、气化炉和燃烧炉性能的影响规律后,比较合适的系统压力和气化炉碳转化率分别为2.5MPa和0.7。在该运行参数下,系统发电效率达到了62.1%。若采用先进的氧离子输送膜(ITM)制氧方法,系统效率可提高1.3%。