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31.
This paper provides a preliminary examination of present and projected land use in Africa to estimate the potential availability of land in 2025 for use in producing biomass energy. Fifty countries are included in the analysis. Future cropland requirements are projected on the basis of average African cereal crop yield improvements since 1972, and minimum nutritional requirements are assumed to be met in 2025 without increasing imports above present absolute levels. Cropland, natural forests and other wilderness areas are excluded from consideration for biomass energy use. Woody biomass energy yields are estimated on the basis of nationally averaged precipitation, using a yield-precipitation correlation for commercial eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The total African bioenergy production potential in 2025 is estimated to be about 18 EJ per year for a set of baseline assumptions that includes planting only 10% of the available non-crop, non-forest, non-wilderness area with biomass energy crops. A preliminary cost assessment suggests that much of this biomass could be produced for $1–2 GJ−1. A number of uncertainties in the modelling assumptions are examined through a sensitivity analysis. Despite limitations in the model used here, one robust conclusion is that Africa as a whole has a significant biophysical potential for producing biomass energy. This result suggests that more detailed country and sub-country level assessments would be worthwhile to understand better the practical prospects for future biomass energy production in Africa. 相似文献
32.
33.
电工实践教学改革与实践 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
电工实践教学是培养大学生电类工程能力的重要环节,本文介绍我们以培养人才为中心在电工实习基地建设;实践教学内容,方法和手段等方面进行的改革与实践。 相似文献
34.
本文提出励磁电流可自动控制的他励式双高调速系统设计方案。系统在提升特别是在下放重物时,具有较硬的机械性;在负载10-100%的变化范围内,可实现最大偏差Δnmax/nmin100%≤10%,调速范围D≥10;在满载运行条件下,可节约电能80%以上。 相似文献
35.
陈籁民 《建筑科学与工程学报》1996,(2)
基圆半径的确定方法,除了用图解法和试算法外,还可用解析法和图解分析法求解。4种方法各有优缺点,设计时要根据具体情况选择。 相似文献
36.
37.
This paper highlights the possibility of inverse gas chromatography for the surface characterization of common fillers (CaCO3, talc, SiO2,) for paints and coatings. Divided solids are described, on the one hand, by the dispersive component of their surface energy and, on the other, by a specific parameter indicating their acid-base interaction potential. The role of the surface morphology at a molecular level is also examined. It is demonstrated that steric effects play an important role in the adsorption of probes on lamellar solids like talc. The consequences of surface treatments as well as examples of practical applications are also reported. 相似文献
38.
In a survey of the practical wind energy resource present in the Tayside Region of Scotland it was estimated that over 1500 km2 of land is suitable for wind energy development in the Region after consideration of a range of physical, technical and institutional factors. Wind speed data for this survey was obtained from the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) UK Wind Speed Data Package. To verify the wind speeds obtained from the ETSU package a representative sample of sites in and around the identified areas of potential in Tayside were modelled for mean annual wind speed using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). The wind speeds for the sites obtained from the WAsP analysis were compared with those obtained from the ETSU UK Wind Speed Data Package and conclusions drawn as to the reliability of the Tayside wind energy survey and the general applicability of the ETSU package for broad wind energy resource assessment. 相似文献
39.
高层建筑供水方式及其耗能分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章探讨了高层建筑的供水方式及其耗能分析,详述了两种高层建筑的主要供水方式,并比较了它们在耗能方面上的优缺点. 相似文献
40.
The analysis of recently collected wind data at five sites in Saudi Arabia namely, Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran is presented. The five sites represent different geographically and climatologically conditions. The data collected over a period spanned between 1995 and 2002 with different collection periods for each site. Daily, monthly and frequency profiles of the wind speed at the sites showed that Dhulum and Arar sites have higher wind energy potential with annual wind speed average of 5.7 and 5.4 m/s and speeds higher than 5 m/s for 60 and 47% of the time, respectively. The two sites are candidates for remote area wind energy applications. The costal site's, i.e. Yanbu and Dhahran wind speed data indicated that the two sites have lower annual wind speed averages and wind blows at speed higher than 5 m/s during afternoon hours. That makes the two sites candidates for grid connected wind systems for electrical load peak shaving. The data of Gassim site showed that the site has the lowest wind energy potential compared to the others. The annual energy produced by a Nordex N43 wind machine is estimated to be 1080, 990, 730, 454 and 833 MWh for Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran, respectively. The analysis showed that the estimated annual energy produced by the machine based on 10 min averaged data is 2.5% higher than the estimated energy based on 30 min averaged data. 相似文献