Application of Multiband Method to Pin Cell Calculations

Abstract

In order to accurately calculate effective neutron cross sections in the resonance energy region, the multiband method has been applied to cell calculations. Cell calculations for UO² and MOX fuels of light water reactors have been performed and the results were compared with those of a continuous energy Monte Carlo code VIM and the conventional self-shielding method using the Dancoff factor.

The k∞values calculated by the multiband method agreed with those of the VIM calculations within 0.20% Δk for the UO² fuel cell and within 0.30% Δk for the MOX fuel cell, respectively, whereas the Dancoff factor method yielded about l.l%Δk errors for the two cells. The element- wise contribution to this error was investigated, and it was found that the effective microscopic cross sections, particularly those for the giant resonances of ²³⁸U, calculated by the multiband method were in good agreement with those of VIM. It was also found that interference effect between ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U resonances in the UO² fuel and that between ²³⁸U and ²³⁹Pu resonances in the MOX fuel made about 0.20%Δk contributions to k∞ in both fuel cells.     

澳大利亚/新西兰插头机械强度测试

探讨理解新版澳大利亚/新西兰插头标准针对插销的机械强度测试的方法和目的,并比较不同标准之间和标准新旧版之间的差异。     

用于喇曼放大的SOI脊形波导中自由载流子寿命的解析表达

研究了用于喇曼放大的绝缘硅(SOI)脊形波导中自由载流子寿命与非线性光学损耗的关系.通过理论推导结合二维数值模拟的方法,提出了带有零反偏pin结构的SOI脊形波导中自由载流子寿命的解析表达式,该解析表达式与他人的实验结果相符.结果表明,比起不带pin结构的波导,带有零反偏pin结构的波导中的自由载流子寿命最多可以缩短80%.同时,研究了pin结构外加反偏电压时,自由载流子寿命进一步缩短的原因,并从强场下自由载流子速度饱和的角度出发,得到了自由载流子寿命的理论极限值.最后,模拟了不同自由载流子寿命情况下SOI脊形波导的喇曼净增益随着输入泵浦光功率密度的变化曲线,为硅基喇曼放大器的进一步研究指明了方向.     

基于撞针原理的高粘性微喷系统的设计与分析

为了实现对高粘性微量液滴的高效率喷射,研制了一种基于撞针原理的非接触式微喷装置。采用压电陶瓷作为驱动装置,再利用菱形放大机构进行微位移放大,采用有限元软件对菱形放大机构进行静、动态特性分析,确定喷针和喷嘴的配合形式及相关尺寸,然后利用MATLAB软件进行动力学方程的求解,仿真结果显示,喷针的位移和速度均满足喷射条件,最后针对5～10Pa.s粘度的液体进行了微喷实验。实验结果表明:该微喷装置可稳定地实现胶液的喷射,输出流量随着驱动电压的增大而增大。     

污秽地区玻璃绝缘子的选用

介绍了河南电网2001年1至2月发生大面积污闪的情况。分析了钟罩型绝缘子伞裙下棱槽容易积污,且不易自洁和人工清扫,容易引起污闪。提出了在某些污秽比较严重的地区,a、b、c、d四种形式的玻璃绝缘子不宜在直线串和耐张串上使用,e种形式的玻璃绝缘子可以在任何地区使用,选取原则必须遵从相应地区污秽水平爬距的要求。     

带剪切销钉的复合砂浆加固砌体界面抗剪性能研究

通过对16个复合砂浆加固砌体试件进行砌体-复合砂浆界面的抗剪试验,得到了界面的破坏形态、抗剪强度和荷载-滑移曲线。试验结果表明：剪切销钉能显著提高粘结面的抗剪强度,并且随剪切销钉植筋面积增加界面抗剪强度也随之增大;剪切销钉能改变界面的破坏模式,增大界面破坏时的滑移变形;剪切销钉植筋深度是影响界面抗剪强度和破坏形式的另一个主要因素,砌体中剪切销钉的最小植筋深度应取10倍销钉直径;水泥基界面剂对界面抗剪强度有负面影响,因此用水泥复合砂浆加固砌体结构时不宜使用水泥基界面剂。在试验研究基础上,拟合了考虑剪切销钉植筋面积的砌体-复合砂浆界面抗剪强度公式。图10表3参10     

Exergo‐economic analysis of micro pin fin heat sinks

A parametric study of thermoeconomic performance over four micro pin fin heat sinks of different spacing and shapes was conducted. Unit cost per product exergy, relative cost difference, and exergo‐economic factor were utilized to evaluate the thermoeconomic performance. The effect of working fluid on the thermoeconomic performance was also investigated using R‐123 and water as working fluids. Unit costs per product exergy were obtained to evaluate the product costs (total exergy change between exit and inlet streams) in micro pin fin heat sinks at fixed mass flow rate and fixed pressure drop. The results of the thermoeconomic analysis were compared with the results of a past exergy performance study by the author. In the light of raw experimental data acquired from the past studies of the author, important differences between the results of exergy and exergo‐economic performances were observed. It was found that the unit cost of exergy change decreased as electrical power increased and the relative cost difference approached to unity at high electrical powers (greater than 20 W). Moreover, high exergo‐economic factor values (more than 0.5) were obtained at low electrical powers while exergo‐economic factors had a small value at high electrical powers. When looking at the effect of the working fluid, higher cost per Watts of the products (up to the double of R‐123) was obtained with water compared with R‐123 at both fixed mass flow rate and pressure drop. No significant effect of pin fin spacing on the unit cost of exergy change was observed at fixed mass flow rate, while higher unit costs (up to 102%) were recorded at fixed pressure drop for scarcely packed pin fin heat sinks. Finally, the unit cost of exergy change was found to be independent of pin fin shape at fixed mass flow rate, whereas at fixed pressure drop, the hydrofoil‐based pin fin heat sink had higher unit costs (up to 1.8 times as much) when compared with the unit costs of pin fin heat sinks having flow separation promoting pin fins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

等截面柱形直肋-维修正传热(近似解)方程及肋传热量的新的简化计算

针对一维经典肋传热方程及近似解的局限性,推出了等截面柱形直肋的一维修正肋传热方程及修正近似解。进一步针对工程中肋端传热时热量的简化计算法提出了一种新的更为精确的修正简化计算公式。数值比较结果表明：提出的公式不仅具有原经典公式相同形式及简洁性,而且使得肋根部热流率及各截面平均温度的计算精度有了显著的提高,并将公式的应用范围扩大至较大Bi数,这为肋片的工程设计优化和应用提供了更为准确而直观的求解方法。     

Effect of tool geometry and process condition on static strength of a magnesium friction stir lap linear weld

Friction stir lap linear welding is conducted on overlapped AZ31 magnesium plates with different welding tools. Welds are made mainly with the orientation such that the weld retreating side on the upper plate is to be placed under load. Welding tools consist of a concave shoulder and a pin having a cylindrical, or triangular, or pie shape. This work addresses the effects of tool geometry and process condition on lap shear strength of welds. The shape of the hook formed due to upward bending of the plate interface on the retreating side and the strength of friction stir processed material are quantitatively characterized. Compared to the cylindrical tool, the triangular tool effectively suppresses the hook on the retreating side due to enhanced horizontal material flow. This primarily leads to a 78% increase in optimized weld strength. A ‘pure’ shear surface present on the tool pin significantly reduces weld strength.     

籼型杂交水稻保持系IR58025B pin2转基因植株

杂交水稻技术在中国及其他国家已作为发展水稻生产,满足不断增加的人口对粮食需要的一条关键途径．而另一方面,据估计因螟虫危害造成水稻年均损失为5％～10％,有时高达60％～95％．应用马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂基因(potato proteinase inhibitor Ⅱor pin2)进行粳稻的遗传转化实验表明,其转基因粳稻植株对螟虫的抗性显著提高,且该转基因能在后代中稳定遗传(Duan et al．,1996)．为了改良杂交水稻对螟虫的抗性,以大面积应用的籼型杂交稻保持系IR58025B成熟胚为外植体材料、以pin为目的基因、通过基因枪法高效获得了大量转基因植株．PCR检测结果表明转基因pin2成功地整合于植株基因组中．三化螟幼虫饲喂试验结果初步证实了该转基因在转基因当代植株中的表达．