强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅰ)——模型

结合新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉的研制和冷、热态实验,建立并发展了二维强旋湍流气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型,以此作为对涡旋燃烧炉内多相流动。传热和燃烧过程进行数值模拟和分析的基础。     

纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电等离子体对超声速燃烧室中凹腔性能的影响

为考察纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电(NP-DBD)等离子体对超声速燃烧室中凹腔性能的影响,在凹腔后壁面上部区域布置表面介质阻挡放电激励器产生等离子体,基于NP-DBD等离子体高斯分布热源模型,采用3维数值模拟方法研究了等离子体作用下燃烧室壁面压力、凹腔阻力、质量交换率以及燃料分布的变化。研究结果表明,NP-DBD等离子体虽然降低了对称面处凹腔后缘波系强度,但结合凹腔后壁区域温度分布特征知等离子体热效应较弱,故整个凹腔波系受到影响较小;凹腔质量交换能力获得大幅提高,其阻力则略有减小;等离子体缩小了凹腔上方燃料的分布范围,凹腔下游燃料掺混效率有小幅提升。     

Combustion of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels in a Supersonic Combustor

Results of an experimental study of a full scramjet model operating on kerosene, which was performed in an IT-302M hotshot wind tunnel based at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and an experimental study of a model operating on hydrogen, which was performed in a hotshot wind tunnel with fire heating based at the China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center, are reported. The tests were performed for Mach numbers 5 and 6 for flow parameters close to in-flight conditions. An optimal system for kerosene injection under these conditions was determined, and the thrust characteristics of the engine model were examined. The possibility of controlling kerosene combustion in tests in the short-duration wind tunnel was analyzed, and special features of fuel ignition in a short combustor were considered. Intense combustion of kerosene was achieved with upstream injection of more than 3% of hydrogen, which allowed obtaining effective thrust. The distributions of static pressure and force characteristics of the model in the case of kerosene and hydrogen combustion were compared.     

涡旋燃烧炉正反切向进风气固流动的数值模拟

涡旋燃烧炉是最近研制的一种新型固体燃料旋风燃烧炉，它采用了多级切向进风的结构。本文应用气固两相流的多连续介质模型及其数值计算方法，针对分级供入炉内的空气采用正反切向进风的条件，对涡旋燃烧炉内的气固两相湍流旋流流动进行了数值模拟。通过模拟结果的分析及其与分级同向切向进风情况的比较，探讨了在涡旋燃烧炉中采用多级正反切向进风方式的可能性。     

鼓风式燃气燃烧器在燃煤锅炉改造中的应用

分析了燃煤锅炉改烧燃气时存在的问题 ,提出了解决的办法。     

入流条件对同轴射流旋流燃烧室内湍流流动模拟的影响

应用一种新的代数Reynolds应力模型对同轴射流旋流燃烧室内两股射流为同向旋转和反向旋转条件下的湍流旋流流动进行了数值模拟。为得到合理的流场分布结果，研究了入流条件对同轴射流旋流燃烧室内湍流流动模拟结果的影响。计算中对旋流燃烧室进口处两股旋转射流的轴向与切向速度采用了均匀分布和实验测量分布两种方式来给定。将两种进口速度分布条件下得到的燃烧室内气体轴向与切向速度分布计算结果与实验数据进行了比较。     

高温空气燃烧技术

高温空气燃烧技术是一项燃烧领域的高新技术。具有不同于传统燃烧技术的新特点。燃料在1200℃高温空气和氧浓度约5％的炉内环境中燃烧，达到高效低污染物排放的要求。本文简要介绍了该技术的基本原理和其中的关键技术，以及最新的低NOx高温空气燃烧器。     

燃烧火焰特征的数字图像处理系统

介绍了一个作者自行开发的注蒸汽的燃气轮机燃烧室火焰特征分析软件，借助于数字图像处理技术和光学辐射理论对燃烧火焰的结构、层次和轮廓进行了分析和处理，同时依据火焰图像推算出其温度场，从而为燃烧室理论设计和实验处理提供一个强有力的分析工具。     

美国Forney公司火焰检测器及其应用

为防止炉膛爆炸，大容量机组的锅炉均装设锅炉灭火保护装置，但是如何选用安全可靠的火焰检测装置，将直接关系到炉膛和整个机组的安全经济运行。为此，以美国Forney火焰检测系统为例，介绍它在淮北二电厂的安装、使用和维护方面的一些经验，供同行借鉴。     

Development of a hybrid catalytic combustor for a 1300°C class gas turbine

The hybrid catalytic combustor concept proposed by the authors has an advantage concerned with catalyst durability, because the catalyst is maintained below 1000°C even for application to 1300°C class gas turbines. A full-scale hybrid catalytic combustor has been designed for a 200 MW (1300°C) class gas turbine. The catalyst bed was 450 mm in diameter and consisted of a Pd/ alumina washcoat on a cordierite monolith. In experiments, the combustor has demonstrated the capability of meeting the NO_x emission level of SCR (selected catalytic reduction) during atmospheric pressure testing. To predict the catalyst performance at an elevated pressure, the characteristics of the catalyst were studied using a small scale reactor test, and a material property test using a DTA/TGA-Q.MASS system. The catalyst showed a higher activity in the oxidized state (PdO) than in the metallic state (Pd). This activity difference was governed by the equilibrium of the oxygen release from PdO in bulk. It was considered that oxidation rate of the metallic Pd in bulk was not so high and this caused self-oscillation for the Pd catalyst around the temperature of the oxygen release equilibrium. Even below the temperature of the oxygen release equilibrium, both surface and bulk (lattice) oxygen of the PdO was consumed by the methane oxidation reaction, and resulted in a lack of surface oxygen on the catalyst. This caused a reversible decrease in the catalyst activity during combustion testing, and indicated that the oxygen dissociation step was a rate limiting step in the catalytic combustion.