后福岛时期我国核电的发展

"福岛核电站事故"后,核电的安全性引起了社会各界的广泛关注,各国均采取了积极的应对措施。首先,对核电的安全可靠性及发展核电的必要性进行了探讨;介绍了福岛事故后美、法、俄、英、韩等核电国家均表示坚持发展核电的立场,并通过审查测试得出了目前的核电站是安全的结论。其次,论述了福岛事故后我国对核电站的安全检查以及核电设计中采取的相关安全措施,表明我国核电站的安全性是有保障的。然后,阐述了引进的三代核电AP1000及EPR技术的特点;自主开发的三代核电技术在技术性能和安全水准上与国际先进水平相当。最后,分析了内陆地区核电建设的必要性和可行性,建议积极推进内陆核电站建设。     

国有企业ERP实施过程风险管理分析

本文从国有企业EPR实施现状和实施过程分析,阐述了国有企业在实施EPR项目时应考虑其风险,包括体制变革、文化、流程再造系统应用等多方面的管理风险,并提出了应对方法。     

Influence of apple purée preparation and storage on polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity

The polyphenolic components of Idared and Shampion apple purées were determined by HPLC; chlorogenic acid was the most abundant acid (20.0 mg/100 g in microwaved Idared); other polyphenols identified in high concentrations included (−)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2; quercetin and cyanidin glycosides were found in minor concentrations. The Shampion purées had higher total phenolics (142 mg/100 g) and procyanidin B2 concentrations (17.3 mg/100 g) than the Idared ones, and polymeric procyanidins represented 41% of all polyphenols. Antioxidant capacities of the samples, determined by spectrophotometric methods and EPR spectroscopy, correlated well with the concentration of polyphenols. The antioxidant properties could be better represented by EPR than by UV–vis measurements. The latter require transparent (clear) samples whereas EPR can be a method of choice in the assessment of radical-scavenging activity of dense and cloudy apple purées. Our results support the putative high antioxidant value of apple purées and define their capacity in terms of the major constituents. Apple purées are a rich source of natural antioxidants, especially of chlorogenic acid and procyanidins.     

Efficient hydrogen production from irradiated aluminum hydroxides

Radiation-catalysis is a well-known process leading to H₂ production through radiolysis of adsorbed water on oxides. In this article, we show that common, easily accessible, hydroxides can be as much efficient for H₂ production as the more efficient oxide identified until now.H₂ radiolytic yields were determined from the same nanostructured hydrated samples that differ by their particle size (AlOOH L and AlOOH S for large and small particle size, respectively). The measured yields are of the order of 10⁻⁸ mol J⁻¹. It means that such an irradiated material produces more efficiently H₂ than an equivalent mass of water. H radicals, trapped electrons (F centers), and related O⁻ centers were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), at room and low temperature. Adsorbed water seems to play a role in the secondary processes of radical recombination, allowing a very efficient H₂ production in these systems. This raises interesting questions about the energy transfer mechanism underlying this efficient hydrogen production and provide design lines for the design of efficient radiation-catalytic materials for H₂ production.     

脂肪氧合酶催化亚油酸氧化与大豆蛋白相互作用过程中自由基迁移的电子顺磁共振研究(I)自由基的检测

应用电子顺磁共振(EPR)波谱研究了模拟体系中导致大豆蛋白聚集体形成的自由基由氧化亚油酸到大豆蛋白的迁移.经脂肪氧合酶催化亚油酸的诱导,在大豆蛋白EPR波谱中检测到一个很强的源于肽链骨架α-碳原子或其侧链其它碳原子的自由基信号,其g值范围在2.0041～2.0054之间.此外,在碳自由基中场信号的低场区尚有一个额外的肩峰,它是硫自由基信号,其g值范围在2.019～2.028之间.在大豆蛋白与脂肪氧合酶和亚油酸混合反应前,添加天然抗氧化剂如VC和α-生育酚或人工合成的抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)均能抑制自由基信号和荧光的发展,可使中场碳自由基信号降低35%～65%.     

Au and Co3O4 anchored Bi2WO6 with enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance,surface plasmon resonance,nonlinear and magnetic properties

The combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect with hetero-p–n structure shows promising benefits to optical linear and nonlinear properties. In this study, Au nanoparticles (NPs) decorated p–n hetero-structured Co₃O₄/Bi₂WO₆ composite was synthesized and characterized in terms of the optical linear and nonlinear and magnetic properties, morphology, electron transition, charge transfer, energy band gap, polarizability, SPR effect, and oxygen vacancies using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Z-scan, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The combination of Co₃O₄ provided active 3d electrons transition and charge transfer which increased carriers’ concentration and reduced the energy band gap. Au SPR enhanced the internal polarization and strengthened the built-in electric field, yielding strong nonlinear behavior. In addition, magnetic Co₃O₄ endowed sample with room-temperature ferromagnetism which was obviously strengthened by Au NPs. The obtained sample is promising for laser and photonics applications.     

Study of oxidation states of Fe- and Co-doped TiO2 photocatalytic energy materials and their visible-light-driven photocatalytic behavior

In this work we propose a study to determine the structure of Fe and Co doped TiO₂ by using the Fe K-edge, Co K-edge and Ti K- edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The detailed analysis of Fe and Co-doped TiO₂ before and after Methylene blue (MB) treatment was examined under the irradiation of 35 W xenon arc lamp for 3 h. The materials treated with MB were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, EPR and FT-IR which revealed that the oxidation state of Co²⁺ was photo-oxidized to Co³⁺ and Fe³⁺ was photo-reduced to Fe²⁺ or less. Thermodynamic, kinetic properties were studied at different reaction temperature and the activation energy (E_a), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) of activation were calculated for the reaction. The activation energy has been found for TiO₂, FeTiO₂ and CoTiO₂ as 24.771, 11.413 and 15.801 kJ mol⁻¹ respectively. The structure, morphology and optical properties were studied by XRD, UV-diffuse reflectance spectra, FESEM, TEM and PL. Moreover, electrochemical studies were carried out to demonstrate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity on TiO₂, FeTiO₂ and CoTiO₂ in 1 M of H₂SO₄ electrolyte, with a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹ and the as-prepared photocatalysts could act as the promising electrode materials for water splitting.     

304奥氏体不锈钢离子辐照后再活化性能测试和表面形貌观察

对核电用奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶和敏化处理,对部分固溶试样进行Fe 和He 辐照,随后测量了4种处理状态试样的再活化率(EPR),并观察表面形貌.结果表明:经He 辐照试样出现了2.88%的再活化率,敏化试样的再活化率是19.5%,固溶试样和经Fe 辐照试样的再活化率为0.离子辐照试样的表面形貌与固溶或敏化试样完全不同.     

Effect of EPR coefficient policy on the production decision in precious metal accessory recycling

This study examines the effect of the extended producer responsibility (EPR) coefficient policy on the production decision between a supplier and a manufacturer in a precious metal accessory recycling supply chain. EPR coefficient is a regulation proposed by the government and enterprises to balance economic profit and EPR behaviour, and refers to the production proportion of recycled products in all serviceable products. Enterprises with a large EPR coefficient have good EPR practice. This study uses the newsvendor model and numerical simulation to study a supply chain system with remanufacturing and reproduction processes. Results show that the optimal recycling mode and the optimal EPR coefficient are always present in precious metal accessory operations. The increasing market demand for recycled products and the improving whole recycling parameters are both effective in enlarging the optimal EPR coefficient. However, the improvement of single or partial recycling parameters (except the market demand parameter) has no effect on the optimal EPR coefficient. The implementation mechanism and applicable conditions of the EPR coefficient policy are also explored. This study indicates that the EPR coefficient policy is an appropriate and effective approach to promote the EPR practice of the Chinese Government.