准噶尔阜康东部斜坡区中侏罗统头屯河组高分辨 层序地层格架内储集层宏观非均质性研究

应用高分辨层序地层对准噶尔东部阜康东部斜坡区中侏罗统头屯河组进行层序的划分,共划分出1个长期基准面旋回、三个中期基准面旋回和10个短期基准面旋回。在中期层序地层格架下,按照层内非均质性、层间和平面三个级次对各层序进行非均质性剖析,发现储层宏观非均质性具有一定的规律性,主要在MSC2层序内表现明显。MSC2储集砂体的非均质程度最高,基准面上升初期及下降末期,储集砂体厚度较大,物性较好,是勘探开发有利区域。各层序的非均质性主要受到A/S值变化所影响。     

风积沙漠地区三维地震勘探资料处理中Q补偿应用实例

在有效波组为低频、低噪且地质任务以小构造解释为目标的地区,采用Q补偿技术有利于提高有效波组的主频,达到提高纵向分辨率的目的。以鄂尔多斯某勘探区为例,采用Q值补偿技术,以克服该区沙漠地貌明显的吸收衰减滤波效应问题,提高其地震资料的中、高频成分。通过对Q补偿参数进行测试,发现Q值为50时有效波响应明显。应用结果表明,经Q补偿后,地震时间剖面有效波主频明显提高,DF7、DF8断层在补偿后的地震时间剖面上较补偿前断点更清晰、位置解释误差更少。     

“宽频带、宽方位和高密度”陆上三维地震观测系统聚焦分辨率分析

近年来,"两宽一高"——宽频带、宽方位和高密度——三维地震采集技术极大地提升了地震勘探的能力和精度,在岩性油气藏地区取得了明显的应用效果,也对地震采集观测系统设计提出了更高的要求.如何在现有的成本限制和装备条件下,根据具体工区的地质地球物理条件来选择合适的"两宽一高"采集观测参数以实现最佳的勘探效益,已成为当前地震勘探中迫切需要解决的瓶颈问题之一.基于此,本文首先回顾了点绕射聚焦分析的基本原理,随后给出一种新的复杂介质多频率快速聚焦分辨率定量分析方法.基于该理论,我们以一个典型的陆上三维地震勘探采集方案和速度模型为例,系统地研究了"两宽一高"地震资料偏移成像分辨率随着关键采集参数的变化规律,给出了不同条件下分辨率的理论极限值及其所对应的采集参数的临界点值.此外,我们也提出了一种新的采集参数和子波频谱的交汇定量分析方法,进一步阐明了采集参数和子波频谱参数之间的定量关系,为复杂接收激发条件下采集观测系统设计提供了新的理论依据.     

高精度层序地层分析:建立沉积相和储层规模的等时地层格架

高精度层序地层分析以三级层序内高精度的层序地层单元的划分和对比为主要目的 ,它可为沉积体系的沉积构成和油气储、盖组合等研究提供精细的地层对比框架。从滨浅海至陆相湖盆的充填分析均表明 ,三级层序内可依据高频的海 (湖 )泛面或沉积基准面的变化划分出若干高精度的层序地层单元 ,包括四、五级层序以及低位、水进、高位及下降等 4个体系域。四级层序的识别和对比是建立高精度层序地层格架的关键。在煤、油气盆地中 ,四级层序是对储集体和聚煤作用进行分析的基本地层单元     

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

A fast version of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geo- physical Fluid Dynamics(LASG)/Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)climate system model is briefly documented.The fast coupled model employs a low resolution version of the atmospheric component Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG(GAMIL),with the other parts of the model,namely an oceanic component LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model(LICOM),land component Common Land Model(CLM),and sea ice component from National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (NCAR CCSM2),as the same as in the standard version of LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System model(FGOALS g).The parameterizations of physical and dynamical processes of the at- mospheric component in the fast version are identical to the standard version,although some parameter values are different.However,by virtue of reduced horizontal resolution and increased time-step of the most time-consuming atmospheric component,it runs faster by a factor of 3 and can serve as a useful tool for long- term and large-ensemble integrations.A 1000-year control simulation of the present-day climate has been completed without flux adjustments.The final 600 years of this simulation has virtually no trends in global mean sea surface temperatures and is recommended for internal variability studies.Several aspects of the control simulation’s mean climate and variability are evaluated against the observational or reanalysis data. The strengths and weaknesses of the control simulation are evaluated.The mean atmospheric circulation is well simulated,except in high latitudes.The Asian-Australian monsoonal meridional cell shows realistic features,however,an artificial rainfall center is located to the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau persists throughout the year.The mean bias of SST resembles that of the standard version,appearing as a"double ITCZ"(Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone)associated with a westward extension of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.The sea ice extent is acceptable but has a higher concentration.The strength of Atlantic meridional overturning is 27.5 Sv.Evidence from the 600-year simulation suggests a modulation of internal variability on ENSO frequency,since both regular and irregular oscillations of ENSO are found during the different time periods of the long-term simulation.     

地震势能剖面

地质体在应力场的作用下发生弹性形变,从而具有应变位能（势能）。应用应变位能公式,可以将位或位移转化为势能,用势能剖面代替常规地震剖面。由于势能转换能拓宽地震信号的有效频谱,具有高通滤波性质,同时又不损害低频信号,所以,同常规地震剖面相比,势能剖面在保持信噪比的前提下,有更高的纵、横向分辨率。通过势能转换的理论分析及合成数据和实际数据的势能转换处理,本文系统地研究了势能转化问题和实现方法,从而证明势能转换确实是行之有效的高分辨率地震处理方法,可用于实际地震资料的处理。     

Two-dimensional,high-resolution modeling of urban dam-break flooding: A case study of Baldwin Hills,California

Modeling of dam-break flooding in an urban residential area in southern California is presented. Modeling is performed using BreZo, an unstructured grid, Godunov-type, finite volume model that solves the shallow-water equations. The model uses terrain data from a 1.5 m Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and contour data depicting the reservoir and breach geometry. A spatially distributed Manning coefficient based on a landcover classification derived from digital orthophotos and vector data (e.g., parcel outlines) is also used, and the interception of flow by storm drains is modeled with sink terms in the 2D continuity equation. The model is validated with flood extent and stream flow measurements, and a sensitivity analysis is completed to identify the necessary level of data and model complexity for accuracy purposes. Results show street depressions in the land surface should be resolved by the computational mesh for flood extent and stream flow accuracy. A ca. 5 m resolution mesh that spans streets by approximately 3 cells achieves a good balance between accuracy and computational effort. Results also show that heterogeneous resistance is important for stream flow accuracy, and the interception of overland flow by storm sewers is important for flood extent accuracy. The sensitivity of predictions to several additional factors such as the reservoir level, breach geometry and DTM source (LiDAR, National Elevation Data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Data) is also reported.     

晋冀蒙与京津冀地区高空间分辨率岩石圈磁场地震地质特征初步研究

应用高精度、高密度地面磁测资料，计算获取研究区域F要素高空间分辨率岩石圈磁场数值模型，主要研究模型空间分布特征、与地震地质构造的相关性、历史地震震中在模型中的分布规律与位置特征。研究发现，研究区模型空间结构复杂，局部异常特征表现强烈，总体具有与地形、地层关系密切的分区特征；强磁异常区走向与断裂构造体系总体一致；5级以上历史地震多发生于模型低幅值区、负值区、“0”值线、高梯级带等特殊位置。     

探测城市断裂活动性的浅层地震方法技术

用地震方法探测城市直下型活动断裂是一种不可替代的勘探技术,对于不同的探测深度需采用不同的排列长度。试验研究结果表明,小道间距接收不但有助于准确确定断裂的空间位置,而且也有助于确定基岩断裂上断点的埋深,即采用小道间距接收,有利于综合提高地震记录的纵横向分辨率。结合北京夏垫活断裂的浅层反射地震探测结果,讨论了采用浅层反射地震技术探测城市活断层应注意的一些问题。     

Resolution tests of global geodynamic models by travel-time tomography

This study presents results of a 2-D tomographic inversion of synthetic data that examines the ability of seismic tomography to reveal structures created by mantle dynamic processes. Our seismic velocity anomaly model is based on the density heterogeneities obtained from models of thermal and thermo-chemical convection. Both layered and whole-mantle models are employed to produce the synthetic input anomalies. We investigate the resolving power of the inversion of P and pP arrival times, and assess the influence of parameterisation and regularisation (damping). We show that the effect of regularisation is substantial and that the optimum damping depends upon the wavelength of the input structures. The resolution of the inversion decreases considerably at depths greater than 1000 km, therefore the ability of the kinematic inversion to distinguish between whole-mantle and layered flows (coupled via thermal coupling) may be limited.